<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">dear Östen,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Mwotlap (Oceanic, Vanuatu) would use the TAM marker I label “Prospective”, with the form <i>so </i>[or <i>so ni-</i> for 3sg]:</div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Merē <i style="">so ni</i>-vētleg na-faēl namun a qiyig agōh.</font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><font size="1">(name) Prosp 3sg-send Art-file Poss:3sg Foc today Dx1</font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">lit. “Mary is/was going to send her files precisely today.”</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">The Prospective <i>so (ni-)</i> is polysemous between near-future ~ deontic ~ volitional ~ conative ~ frustrative uses [see its <a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/s.htm#%E2%93%94so%20(ni-)">dictionary entry</a>].</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">But the key here is that Mwotlap (as often happens in Oceanic languages) does not encode absolute tense [=deictic location with respect to the time of utterance], but only relative tense and aspect<font size="1"> (cf. François <a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_Mwotlap-Predicat_2003_SLP.pdf#page=60">2003: 39ff</a>; <a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_LingTyp-Mwotlap_2005.pdf#page=18">2005: 132</a>)</font>. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Thus, a Stative clause <i>kē ne-mlaklak</i> means “he's glad” or “he was glad”, a iamitive <i>kē mal gengen</i> “he's already eaten” or “he'll have already eaten”, etc.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Likewise, the Prospective <i>Kē <u>so ni</u>-hole van hiy nēk </i>can mean :</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li>irrealis readings based on time of utterance <br>→ {he's going to call you | he should call you | he wants to call you}<br> </li><li>irrealis readings with reference to a past anchor<br>→ {he was going to call you | he was supposed to call you | he should have called you}</li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">________</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">The only difficulty Mwotlap may have with your example is not with the verb's TAM, but with the adverb “today”. That is because Mwotlap dislexifies between “today:Past” (<i>aqyig</i>) and “today:Future” (<i>qiyig</i>). Yet in the (rare) cases of ambiguity, then the default term is the 'future' today (see sense #2 of <i><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/q.htm#%E2%93%94qiyig%E2%93%971">qiyig</a></i>).</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">best</div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><font size="2">Alex</font></span><hr style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:13.33px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" width="70" size="1" noshade align="left"><p style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(69,129,142)">Alex François</span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></span></font></p><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="text-decoration:none" href="http://www.lattice.cnrs.fr/en/alexandre-francois/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">LaTTiCe</a> — <a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/index.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CNRS–</a></span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.ens.fr/laboratoire/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-et-cognition-umr-8094" rel="noopener" target="_blank">ENS</a></span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none">–</span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.psl.eu/en" rel="noopener" target="_blank">PSL</a></span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none">–</span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://www.univ-paris3.fr/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-cognition-umr-8094-3458.kjsp" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Sorbonne nouvelle</a><br></span><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://researchprofiles.anu.edu.au/en/persons/alex-francois" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Australian National University</a></font><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><br></span></font></span></font></span><div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Personal homepage</a><br></span></font></span></div><div><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___</font><br><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span></div></div></div></div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <strong class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">Östen Dahl</strong> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:oesten@ling.su.se">oesten@ling.su.se</a>></span><br>Date: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 at 22:29<br>Subject: [Lingtyp] Intuitions about inclusive time reference<br>To: <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><br><br><div class="msg-5104413331791155217">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I would like to ask for intuitions about the following, in one or more languages that you are acquainted with.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Suppose your colleague Mary said on Monday: "Tomorrow I'm going to submit my grant proposal." Now it's about noon on Tuesday, and you have no idea whatsoever of the time of the realization of her intention. Maybe she
did it in the morning, maybe she'll wait until midnight, and maybe she's just doing it right now. How would you express the sentence below in your language(s), replacing SUBMIT by a suitable verb form? The idea is that you should try to use a maximally simple
and natural formulation without excluding any possibility.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Today Mary SUBMIT her grant proposal<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">All comments are welcome.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks in advance!<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">- Östen<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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