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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Dear colleagues and friends,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">in Italian and other Romance languages there is a binominal NP structure as in the following examples:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-variant:small-caps">italian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Ho speso
<u>la bellezza</u> di cento euro<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I have spent
<u>the beauty</u> of one hundred euros<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">“I spent a good one hundred euros”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="2" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Ho pagato questa casa
<u>la miseria</u> di centomila euro<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I have paid this house
<u>the misery</u> of one hundred thousand euros. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">“I paid a paltry one hundred thousand euros for this house”
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="3" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Ha sposato
<u>un tesoro</u> di ragazzo<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">She has married
<u>a treasure</u> of boy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">“She married a darling boy”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="4" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Faccio
<u>uno schifo</u> di lavoro<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I do
<u>a crap</u> of job<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">“I have a crap job”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> The NP is structured as follows:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">A specifier + N1, a sort of “Light Noun” indicating a positive or negative property (<i>bellezza</i>,
<i>tesoro</i>, <i>schifo</i> ecc.) of N2 + <i>di </i>+ N2, a noun representing the “semantic phrase head”, which the property indicated by N1 refers to.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From the predicative point of view, the quality attributed to N2 is not encoded by an adjective or sim. but is transferred to N1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Other constraints:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">a. the list of the possible N1 is very limited;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">b. some N1 (as
<i>bellezza</i> in 1, <i>miseria </i>in 2) don’t indicate a property but refer to an amount, so working as indefinite quantifiers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Could you indicate to me similar NP structures in other languages?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Thanks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Raffaele (Simone)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">PS For Light Words, See Simone, R. & F. Masini. 2014. “On Light Nouns”.
</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">In Simone, R. & F. Masini (eds).
<i>Word Classes</i>. 51-74. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none">==============<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none">Emeritus Professor, Università Roma Tre<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none">Hon C Lund University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none">Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none">Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none">Accademico (corrispondente) della Crusca<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none">Prix de l'Institut de France-Fondation Bonnefous 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none">===============<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none">Attività e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications
</span><a href="http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:blue;mso-ligatures:none">http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone</span></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ligatures:none"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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