<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div></div><div><br></div><div><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 13.333333px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font color="#500c01">Emeritus Professor Malcolm Ross FAHA | Linguistics, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia & the Pacific | HC Coombs Building #9 | The Australian National University | Canberra ACT 0200 | Australia | CRICOS Provider #00120C</font></span></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On 31 May 2024, at 18:39, Raffaele Simone via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div><meta charset="UTF-8"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Dear colleagues and friends,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">in Italian and other Romance languages there is a binominal NP structure as in the following examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal;">italian<o:p></o:p></span></div><ol start="1" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Ho speso<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>la bellezza</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>di cento euro<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I have spent<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>the beauty</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of one hundred euros<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">“I spent a good one hundred euros”<o:p></o:p></span></div><ol start="2" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Ho pagato questa casa<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>la miseria</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>di centomila euro<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I have paid this house<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>the misery</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of one hundred thousand euros.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">“I paid a paltry one hundred thousand euros for this house”<o:p></o:p></span></div><ol start="3" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Ha sposato<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>un tesoro</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>di ragazzo<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">She has married<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>a treasure</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of boy<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">“She married a darling boy”<o:p></o:p></span></div><ol start="4" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Faccio<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>uno schifo</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>di lavoro<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I do<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>a crap</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of job<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">“I have a crap job”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> The NP is structured as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">A specifier + N1, a sort of “Light Noun” indicating a positive or negative property (<i>bellezza</i>,<i>tesoro</i>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>schifo</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>ecc.) of N2 +<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>di<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>+ N2, a noun representing the “semantic phrase head”, which the property indicated by N1 refers to.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">From the predicative point of view, the quality attributed to N2 is not encoded by an adjective or sim. but is transferred to N1.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Other constraints:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">a. the list of the possible N1 is very limited;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">b. some N1 (as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>bellezza</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in 1,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>miseria<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>in 2) don’t indicate a property but refer to an amount, so working as indefinite quantifiers.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Could you indicate to me similar NP structures in other languages?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Thanks.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Raffaele (Simone)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 35.4pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">PS For Light Words, See Simone, R. & F. Masini. 2014. “On Light Nouns”.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">In Simone, R. & F. Masini (eds).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Word Classes</i>. 51-74. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 35.4pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";">==============<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";">Emeritus Professor, Università Roma Tre<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";">Hon C Lund University<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";">Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";">Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";">Accademico (corrispondente) della Crusca<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";">Prix de l'Institut de France-Fondation Bonnefous 2022<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";">===============<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";">Attività e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications</span><a href="http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone" style="color: rgb(70, 120, 134); text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New"; color: blue;">http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></div></div><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;">_______________________________________________</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;">Lingtyp mailing list</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" style="color: rgb(70, 120, 134); text-decoration: underline; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" style="color: rgb(70, 120, 134); text-decoration: underline; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></div></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>