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<div style="line-break:after-white-space">Dear Christian
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<div>Here are some helpful thoughts I pass on from Richard Coates, who’s not on Lingtyp; he writes very interestingly on names (place names, family names …).</div>
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I don't think day-names are proper. A major criterion for me is behaviour with indefinite markers. If I use a proper name with an indefinite article in English, it can only mean 'a member of the set of items bearing that name'. So you are a Greville and there
is a London in Canada. (Skipping over complications like metaphorical usage - he's just a Putin, we'll build a new Jerusalem).</div>
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Day-names are different. We always used to meet on a Tuesday. They can be used in the plural - Fridays are best for me. And the meaning is in each case constant: the day between x-1 and x+1, or the xth day of the week. I think John Lyons placed them, like months,
in the sense-category <i>cyclic</i>.</div>
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So fundamentally I agree with Christian.</div>
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Richard</div>
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<span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">Richard Coates</span></div>
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<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">Bristol Centre for Linguistics</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">University of the West of England</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">Projects:</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">Survey of English Place-Names (BA/AHRC) <a href="http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~aezins//survey/">http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~aezins//survey/</a></span></p>
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<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">Family Names of the United Kingdom (AHRC)</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">e:</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px"> </span><a href="mailto:richard.coates@uwe.ac.uk" style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">richard.coates@uwe.ac.uk</a></p>
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<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">w: <a href="http://www1.uwe.ac.uk/cahe/pdf.aspx?page=1101">http://www1.uwe.ac.uk/cahe/pdf.aspx?page=1101</a></span></p>
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<div>Very best</div>
<div>Grev</div>
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<div>On 25 Jun 2024, at 11:35, Mark Van de Velde via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:</div>
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<p>Dear Christian:</p>
<p>Names of months are discussed clearly and extensively in Willy Van Langendonck's
<i>Theory and Typology of Proper Names</i> (2007, Mouton de Gruyter). Van Langendonck crucially distinguishes between proper names and proprial lemmas (= lexical items typically used as proper names). He defines proper names as follows (2007:88):</p>
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<p>The semantic and pragmatic parts of his definition are universal, but the formal part is more language-specific. Therefore a further distinction between the universal category of proper names and language-specific word classes of Proper Names is useful.
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<p>The criterion of ability to appear in close appositional constructions works well for Indo-European languages. It is naturally applied to names of months (<i>the month of June</i>), but not to
<i>morning</i> or <i>midnight</i> (??<i>the time of the day morning</i>).</p>
<p>Van Langendonck (2007: 225-232) provides a detailed discussion of different kinds of temporal names, which also discusses the names of the days of the week. From a semantic-pragmatic point of view, they are proper names, as they denote unique entities in
the basic level category <i>day</i>. When used as proper names, they do not take an article, as is typical for Proper Names in English. In contrast, they can't be used is close appositional constructions like
<i>?the day Monday</i>. This may have a simple formal explanation in the presence of the noun for the basic level category term
<i>day </i>in the day names themselves, but it could also suggest that names of days are less typical proper names than names of months, and that therefore they have fewer of the formal characteristics of English Proper Names.<br>
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<p>I attach a short paper on names in the Bantu language Kirundi where Van Langendonck's approach is applied, with the additional distinction between the universal category of proper names and the language specific notion of Proper Names. Names of months are
discussed too. (Van de Velde, Mark (2009). Agreement as a grammatical criterion for proper name status in Kirundi. In:
<i>Onoma</i> 44: 219-241. (written in 2011, appeared in January 2012)).</p>
<p>All the best,</p>
<p>Mark</p>
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<div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">On 25/06/2024 09:13, Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp wrote:<br>
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<blockquote type="cite">If one searches the web with the question "Are nouns denoting days of the week proper names?", some pages know that the answer is 'yes'. However, their argument is circular: Since English orthography requires the capitalization of such
nouns, they are categorized as proper names; and since they are proper names, they are to be capitalized.<br>
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I use the following definitions: A common noun is a noun which designates an entity by subsuming it under a notion. A proper noun or name is a noun that refers to an entity without subsuming it under a notion. Consequently, a common noun can be defined; a proper
noun cannot (over and beyond the onomastic category that it belongs to, like anthroponym or toponym).<br>
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Now an entity like Tuesday can easily be defined as the second day of the week; and likewise an entity like February. By this criterion, such entities appear to be notions, and the nouns designating them consequently common nouns.<br>
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If such nouns are proper nouns, then why are nouns like <i>midnight</i> and <i>morning</i> not?<br>
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What do the semanticists say? And are there structural/distributional properties distinguishing proper and common nouns which decide the alternative for designations of months and days? Are there nouns taking an intermediate position between common and proper?<br>
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