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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Dear Martin – Indic languages have a to my knowledge not super-well described alternation between ergative and instrumental-marked agent/causer NP. The former indicates intentional action, the latter
unintentional action. Here are Urdu examples courtesy of my advisee Saima Hafeez:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(1)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Larke=se larki jag ga-i.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;text-indent:.5in"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">boy.SG=INSTR girl.SG(NOM) wake.INTRN.HV go.LV-PERF.SG.M<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;text-indent:.5in"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">‘A boy (accidently) woke a girl up.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="ES-US" style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(2)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="ES-US" style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Larke=ne larki=ko jaga di-a.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in"><span lang="ES-US" style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">boy.SG=ERG girl.SG=ACC wake.TRNS.HV give.LV-PERF.SG.M<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">‘A boy (deliberatly) woke a girl up.’ (Hafeez 2018)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">As you can see, the two case frames come with distinct light verbs, and only the ergative-marked variant is morphologically transitive (parallel in that respect to Michael Daniel’s Mehweb Dargwa pattern)
and thus involves case-marking on the object NP. You then get DOM between overt dative/accusative and zero-marked nominative/absolutive depending on humanness or animacy (I think it’s the former, but I’m not entirely sure).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">So, this isn’t exactly what you had in mind, and the difference is important. But I thought I’d mention it since it comes close in that it’s an argument structure alternation between an ergative case
frame and a different case frame governed by lexical meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">By the way, I’d be grateful to know if there is a standard description of this alternation in the literature.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Best – Juergen<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Hafeez, Saima. (2018).
</span><i><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Causality and agentivity in Urdu: sensitivity of case clitics and light verbs to volitionality, intentionality and control in Urdu</span></i><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">. Qualifying paper, University
at Buffalo.</span><b><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;text-indent:.5in"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<b><span style="color:black">From: </span></b><span style="color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Martin Haspelmath via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Date: </b>Sunday, June 30, 2024 at 08:42<br>
<b>To: </b>LINGTYP LINGTYP <LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[Lingtyp] languages with accusative/ergative alternation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear typologists,<br>
<br>
Does anyone know of a language that has been described as exhibiting an <br>
accusative/ergative alternation, i.e. where verbs with meanings like <br>
'break' or 'chase' can occur in two constructions such as (1) and (2) <br>
(which are schematic examples, not English)?<br>
<br>
(1) the dog-NOM chased the cat-ACC<br>
<br>
(2) the dog-ERG chased the cat-NOM<br>
<br>
Such an alternation would be analogous to indirective/secundative <br>
alternations, as in the schematic examples (3) and (4).<br>
<br>
(3) they provided food-ACC us-DAT ('they provided food to us')<br>
<br>
(4) they provided us-ACC food-INS ('they provided us with food')<br>
<br>
While indirective/secundative alternations have been described <br>
repeatedly, accusative/ergative alternations are little-known, and seem <br>
to be quite rare. Is this impression correct?<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Martin Haspelmath<br>
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<br>
Deutscher Platz 6<br>
D-04103 Leipzig<br>
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