<div dir="ltr"><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Dear Colleagues, </font></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"> </font></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">The distinction
between argument and adjunct is crucial for many linguistic analyses and much
linguistic theorizing. However, how to define the argument and the adjunct and
how to clearly distinguish between the two are controversial. Further
complicating the issue is the existence of two related levels, semantic and
(morpho)syntactic (e.g. what is semantically considered an argument may be
(morpho)syntactically realized as an adjunct, as evidenced by passive formation
in English). To be clear, this query is about the distinction between semantic
arguments and semantic adjuncts (or semantic non-arguments). Specifically, in
the case of verbs like <i>buy</i> and <i>sell</i> and in the context of a
business transaction that generally involves a buyer, a seller, a transfer of
goods, and a transfer of money, how many semantic arguments does each verb have,
what are they, and what is the rationale behind the analysis? Similarly, in the
case of <i>cut</i>, how many semantic arguments does it have and will that
include the tool used in the cutting too? After all, isn’t the tool a necessary
participant of the cutting action and how often do we cut something without
using any tool? Likewise, how many semantic arguments in the case of <i>bring</i>?
</font></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"> </font></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Particularly,
without looking at the different syntactic frames and constructions where these
verbs occur or without paying any attention to how they are really used, on
what (semantic) grounds can we say that Participant X is an argument of <i>buy</i>,
<i>sell, cut, </i>or<i> bring</i> or that Participant Y is an adjunct of the
same verb? For colleagues who’d like to make a further distinction between core
arguments and peripheral arguments in addition to the distinction between
arguments and adjuncts, then the following questions arise. Namely, if without
looking at the different syntactic frames and constructions where these verbs
occur, on what (semantic) grounds can we say that Participant X is a core
argument, a peripheral argument, or an adjunct (of <i>buy</i>, <i>sell</i>, <i>cut</i>,
or <i>bring</i>) and what is the difference between a peripheral argument and
an adjunct? </font></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"> </font></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Any input would be
greatly appreciated. Thank you so much in advance for your time and help!</font></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"> </font></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Best regards,</font></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</p><p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Chao</font></span></p></div>