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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dear Francesca,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Kirundi (Bantu, Burundi) in-situ predicate doubling has prototypicality as one of the interpretations. You use the inflected verb followed by a nomino-verbal form, either a derived noun class 14 with prefix bu- or with
formative nya- preciding the infinitive. The following examples and eplanation come from a chapter that is to be published, written by Ernest Nshemezimana and myself:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-1.0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<a name="_Ref78492908"><![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(1)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Heba ivyaha buhebé</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Ref78492908"><span lang="FR-BE" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Ref78492908"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> ø-héb-a i-bi-áaha bu-héb-e<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">2sg.sm</span>-leave-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">imp</span>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">aug</span>-8-sin 14-leave-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">sbjv<a name="_Ref72248062"><br>
</a></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Ref72248062"> ‘Stop sinning for real.’</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-1.0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<a name="_Ref78492919"><![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(2)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Ushaaka ngende bugende?</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Ref78492919"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="NL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> u-shaak-a
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">n</span>-gend-e bu-gend-e<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="NL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-variant:small-caps;color:black">2sg.sm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">-want-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">fv 1sg.sm-</span>go-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">sbjv
1</span>4-go-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">sbjv<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a name="_Ref72248063"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> ‘You want me to go?’</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:1.0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-1.0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<a name="_Ref78492942"><![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(3)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Uzoozé tubaané nya kub</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Ref78492942"><span lang="FR-BE" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">á</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Ref78492942"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">ana</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Ref78492942"><span lang="FR-BE" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Ref78492942"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> u-zoo-əz-e tu-báan-e nya ku-báana<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">2sg.sm</span>-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">fut</span>-come-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">sbjv 1pl.sm-</span>live.together-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">sbjv</span> very 15-live.together<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> ‘Come, we should live together properly.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify">
<a name="_Ref72248077"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> ‘We should be living-together living-together.’</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">“Both constructions with
<i>bu</i>‑ and <i>nya</i> bring about a reading of ‘really’, ‘properly’, referring to a prototype (as in the English reduplication ‘I want a DRINK-drink’, see Ghomeshi et al. 2004), but also touching on truth focus and unexpectedness. The precise interpretations
and use of this and the other predicate doubling constructions remain for future investigations.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Jenneke<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#151CD1;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Dr G.J. van der Wal</span></b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> | </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#08B4C0;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">she/her</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Senior Lecturer at the <a href="https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/humanities/leiden-university-centre-for-linguistics"><span style="color:black">Leiden
University Centre for Linguistics</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Office: Reuvensplaats</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">
4, room</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> 1.25<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="https://jennekevanderwal.com/" title="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjennekevanderwal.com%2F&data=05%7C01%7Cg.j.van.der.wal%40hum.leidenuniv.nl%7C98e00ee322d24eb43d5808dabbdfd3f4%7Cca2a7f76dbd74ec091086b3d524fb7c8%7C0%7C0%7C638028867307988190%7CUnknown%7CTWF"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://jennekevanderwal.com/</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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