<div dir="ltr">Don't forget<div><br></div><div><p class="gmail-content-meta-data__authors" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);margin:0px"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif">Jila Ghomeshi, Ray Jackendoff, Nicole Rosen and Kevin Russell. 2004. </span><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif">Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 22 (2):</span><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif"> 307-357.</span></p></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, 12 Jul 2024 at 09:48, Pin Wang via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div style="line-break:after-white-space"><span style="font-size:14px">Hi Randy,</span><div><span style="font-size:14px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px">I’d like to add an example: When chairing your talk at our 2018 language typology forum (University of Sydney), Prof Christian Matthiessen introduced you as a ‘linguist linguist’ ;-)</span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px">Pin</span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px"><br></span><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On 12 Jul 2024, at 2:26 am, Randy J. LaPolla via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:</div><br><div><div style="line-break:after-white-space">Hi again Mira,<div>A more exact natural example of what you are talking about was used by Larry Horn teaching Pragmatics many years ago: At an LSA conference someone got ill, so one person got up on stage and asked the attendees “Is there a doctor in the house?” and half the audience raised their hands. The person then said, “No, a <b>doctor</b> doctor!”</div><div><br id="m_3577347525578179475lineBreakAtBeginningOfMessage"><div>Randy</div><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On 10 Jul 2024, at 8:55 PM, Mira Ariel <<a href="mailto:mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il" target="_blank">mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il</a>> wrote:</div><br><div>
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<div style="direction:ltr">Dear Nigel,</div>
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<div style="direction:ltr">Yes, this is the trajectory Bardenstein and Ariel talk about. Better think of “a cookie cookie”. That can have both prototypical and intensified meanings.</div>
<div style="direction:ltr">Mira</div>
<div dir="ltr">Sent from my iPhone</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
<blockquote type="cite">On 10 Jul 2024, at 15:40, Nigel Vincent via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br>
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Interesting - I'd have interpreted that ad to mean not 'central/prototype' but something more evaluative: 'the best you can get' or words to that effect. The picture doesn't look like what I would consider a prototype cookie (or biscuit, as I would say!).</div>
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Nigel</div>
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<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE<br>
Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics<br>
The University of Manchester</div>
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</div>
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">Linguistics & English Language<br>
School of Arts, Languages and Cultures<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">The University of Manchester</div>
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<span style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px"><a href="https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html" target="_blank">https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html</a></span></div>
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<div id="m_3577347525578179475divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Randy LaPolla via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 10 July 2024 2:23 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> <<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"</font>
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<div dir="auto">
<div dir="ltr">Mira’s message reminded me of an English example where repetition narrows the term to central/prototype inferences:
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<div><image.png></div>
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</span>
<div dir="ltr">In case the image doesn’t come out, it is the tag line on Pepperidge Farms’ Captiva cookie:</div>
<div dir="ltr">“If you’re going to have a cookie, have a <b>cookie</b>”</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Randy</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
<blockquote type="cite">On Jul 10, 2024, at 15:42, Mira Ariel via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br>
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Dear Francesca and others,</div>
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<br>
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I'm curious to know if these prototypicalization morphemes sometimes evolve an intensifying function later. </div>
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<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt">
Bardenstein and I have a paper in <i>Studies in</i> <i>Language </i>46:2 (2022), where we trace the evolution of a number of intensifiers. Lo and behold, they evolve from expressions which narrow the application of the term to its central/prototpycal instances.
Later on this narrower may evolve an intensifying function. We only discuss independent modifiers, but reduplication, even morphological one, can indicate intensification:</div>
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Hebrew:</div>
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<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt">
<i>Yafe yafe </i></div>
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Beautiful beautiful </div>
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'Central concept of beautiful (not 'more or less beautiful')'/'Very beautiful' </div>
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<br>
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<i>Yefe.fe </i>(lexical reduplication) </div>
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'Very beautiful' </div>
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<br>
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Best,</div>
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Mira (Ariel)</div>
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<div id="m_3577347525578179475x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Riccardo Giomi via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 9, 2024 9:07 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"</font>
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Dear Francesca (and all),</div>
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<br>
</div>
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Leti (Austronesian) has an "exactness" marker -- which again, actually appears to be a clitic, but anyway:</div>
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<ol start="1" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">
<li style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt">
a. <i>N-tivl=</i><b><i>e</i></b><i>.</i> b. <i>N-tivla.</i></li></ol>
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3.SG-flap=<b>EXCT </b>3.SG-flap</div>
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‘It flaps.’ ‘It sort of flaps.’</div>
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(2) a. <i>vuar=lalavn=</i><b><i>e</i></b> b. <i>vuar=lalavn</i></div>
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big=mountain=<b>EXCT</b> big=mountain</div>
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‘a big mountain’ ‘a sort of a big mountain’</div>
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<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt">
van Engelenhoven, Aone, 2004. <i>Leti, a Language of Southwest Maluku </i>(Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 211). KITLV Press, Leiden.</div>
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Best wishes,</div>
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Riccardo</div>
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<br>
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<div style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(23,78,134)">Riccardo Giomi</div>
<div style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(23,78,134)">
Assistant Professor of Functional Linguistics</div>
<div style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(23,78,134)">
University of Amsterdam</div>
<div style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(23,78,134)">
Faculty of Humanities: Department of Linguistics</div>
<div style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(23,78,134)">
Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</div>
</div>
<div id="m_3577347525578179475x_x_appendonsend"></div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%">
<div id="m_3577347525578179475x_x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 July 2024 19:44<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>Dear Francesca,<br>
<br>
Cabecar (Chibchan) has a a formative <i>sí̱</i> with a twofold distribution:<br>
<br>
a) As a derivational suffix on nouns, it means 'authentic', 'prototypical':<br>
<ol>
<li><p lang="zxx" align="left" style="break-inside:avoid;margin-top:0.21cm;break-after:avoid">
<a name="m_3577347525578179475_x_x_x__Ref392863461"></a><font color="#008000"><font face="Cambria, serif">a. chíchi-sí̱</font></font></p>
</li></ol><p lang="zxx" align="left" style="break-inside:avoid;margin-left:1.27cm;break-after:avoid">
<font face="Cambria, serif"><font size="2" style="font-size:11pt">dog-<span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal">auth</span></font></font></p><p><font face="Cambria, serif"> ‘authentic dog’</font></p><p lang="zxx" align="left" style="break-inside:avoid;margin-left:1.27cm;margin-top:0.21cm;break-after:avoid">
<font color="#008000"><font face="Cambria, serif">b. ju-sí̱</font></font></p><p lang="zxx" align="left" style="break-inside:avoid;margin-left:1.27cm;break-after:avoid">
<font face="Cambria, serif"><font size="2" style="font-size:11pt">house-<span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal">auth</span></font></font></p><p><font face="Cambria, serif"> ‘authentic/real/legitimate house (i.e. traditional Cabecar house)’</font></p>
b) As an enclitic on adjectives, it means 'comparatively':<br>
<ol>
<li><p lang="zxx" align="left" style="break-inside:avoid;margin-top:0.21cm;break-after:avoid">
<a name="m_3577347525578179475_x_x_x__Ref392862889"></a><font color="#008000"><font face="Cambria, serif">a. báá=sí̱</font></font></p>
</li></ol><p lang="zxx" align="left" style="break-inside:avoid;margin-left:1.27cm;break-after:avoid">
<font face="Cambria, serif"><font size="2" style="font-size:11pt">nice=<span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal">cmpr</span></font></font></p><p><font face="Cambria, serif"> ‘comparatively/truly nice’<br>
</font></p><p lang="zxx" align="left" style="break-inside:avoid;margin-left:1.27cm;margin-top:0.21cm;break-after:avoid">
<font color="#008000"><font face="Cambria, serif">b. daláá=sí̱</font></font></p><p lang="zxx" align="left" style="break-inside:avoid;margin-left:1.27cm;break-after:avoid">
<font face="Cambria, serif"><font size="2" style="font-size:11pt">yellow=<span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal">cmpr</span></font></font></p><p><font face="Cambria, serif"> ‘genuinely yellow’</font></p><p>It fulfills this latter function in comparative constructions, too.</p><p>Best, Christian<br>
</p>
<div>-- <br><p style="font-size:90%">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal">Deutschland</span></p>
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