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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">Dear all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">A very useful but scarcely known collection of studies on reduplication
<i>dans tous ses états</i> is “La réduplication”, special issue of <i>Faits de langue</i>, #39 2007, ed. by Alexis Michaud and Aliyah Morgenstern. Also “prototypical” reduplications are considered.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">Raffaele<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">==============<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Emeritus Professor, Università Roma Tre<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Hon C Lund University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Accademico (corrispondente) della Crusca<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Prix de l'Institut de France-Fondation Bonnefous 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">===============<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Attività e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications
<a href="http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone">http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Da:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
<b>Per conto di </b>Paolo Ramat via Lingtyp<br>
<b>Inviato:</b> venerdì 12 luglio 2024 16:35<br>
<b>A:</b> Mark Donohue <mhdonohue@gmail.com><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org> <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Oggetto:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Evaluative morphology expressing 'authentivity/protypicality<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear All,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">here's a fragment of article I'm writing that concerns reduplication<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><<<span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">The iteration /reduplication [...] can also have morphological functions such as plural formation (= ex. (1)), a distributive function(= ex. (2)), an intensifying
function (= examples (3) and (4)), or have particular semantic values such as the so-called ‘echo reduplication’, as in (5), etc.:</span><a name="_ftnref1"></a><a href="#_ftn1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref1"><span class="gmail-msofootnotereference"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">[1]</span></sup></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref1"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="gmail-msolistparagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:53.25pt">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">(1)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#7030A0">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Indonesian
<i>buku buku</i> “books” (Stolz 2003: 18)</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-msolistparagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:53.25pt">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">(2)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#7030A0">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Malti
<i>bieb bieb</i> lit. door door, i.e. “from door to door” (Stolz 2006a: 119)</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-msolistparagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:53.25pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">(3)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#7030A0">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">It.
<i>un caffè caffè </i> “a real, good coffee” (Stolz 2003: 36; Ramat 2019: 151)</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-msolistparagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:53.25pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">(4)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#7030A0">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Emmi (Western Daly)
<i>dukandji “</i>big“ ~ <i>dukduk</i> “very big” (Louagie 2023: 555)</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-msofootnotetext" style="margin:0cm"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#7030A0"> (5)
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Turkish
<b><i>dergi mergi</i></b><i> okumuyor </i></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-msolistparagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:53.25pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0"> Newspapers M:ECHO read:NEG:PRES
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-msolistparagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:53.25pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">“(s)he does not read newspapers and the like’ (Stolz 2018: 248).</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-msolistparagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.65pt">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br clear="all">
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<hr size="1" width="33%" align="left">
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<div id="gmail-ftn1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_ftn1"></a><a href="#_ftnref1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn1"><span class="gmail-msofootnotereference"><sup><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">[1]</span></sup></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn1"></span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Grandi (2017: 77) writes: «According to Medici (1959a: 84), the aim of a reduplicated construction such as
<i>caffè caffè </i>(‘coffee coffee’ [= our ex. (3)], P.Rt.) is “affermare […] la pienezza delle qualità inerenti [alla base]” (‘to state the fullness / completeness of the qualities of the base word’). In other words, the primary function of reduplication would
be to identify the prototype of a concept, its default value. If evaluative morphology (which includes intensification) encodes a deviation from a standard or from a default meaning, if its peculiar function is that of assigning a value which is different
from that of the ‘standard / default’ to a concept, reduplication primarily expresses a full identification of an item with its standard image. It identifies the best exemplar of a class».
A good overview of the multifarious functions of RED can be obtained when looking into the subject index of van Lier 2023: 1087, s.v. ‘reduplication’. Generally speaking, we can say that
RED is a widespread strategy in the world’s languages to express many related functions (see Fedriani 2017: 147).</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Refernces:</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Grandi, Nicola. 2017. Intensification processes in Italian. In Maria Napoli & Miriam Ravetto (eds.), 55-75.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Louagie, Dana. 2023. Word Classes in Australian Languages.
</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">In Eva Van Lier (ed.), 544-571</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-msofootnotetext" style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Ramat, Paolo, 2019.Tautologia e/o reduplicazione.
<i>Rivista Italiana di Linguistica e Dialettologia,</i> 147-156.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Stolz, Thomas. 2003. A new Mediterraneism. Word iteration in areal perspective.
</span><i><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Mediterranean Language Review
</span></i><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">15, 1-47.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-msofootnotetext" style="margin:0cm"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Stolz, Thomas. 2006a. (Wort-)Iteration: (k)eine universelle Konstruktion. In Kerstin Fischer &
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0"> Anatol Stefanowitsch (Hsgb.),
<i>Konstruktionsgrammatik. Von der Anwendung zur Theorie</i>: 105-132. </span>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Tübingen: Stauffenburg. </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Stolz, Thomas. 2018. (Non-)Canonical reduplication. In Anna Urdze (ed.),
<i>Non-Prototypical Reduplication</i> ("Studia Typologica"22), 201-277. </span>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">De Gruyter Mouton: Berlin 2018.</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Van Lier, Eva (ed., 2023),
<i>The Oxford Handbook of Word Classes. </i>Oxford: Oxford University Press.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Best ,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">P.Rt.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7030A0">Addendum: see also </span><i><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Éllēnas</span></i><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">
<i>Éllēnas</i> “a true Greek man” (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Kallergi, Haritini. 2015.
<i>Total Reduplication as a category of expressives: (Counter)evidence from Modern Greek.
</i></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Benjamins</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Paolo Ramat</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#222222">Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Socio corrispondente<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#222222">'Academia Europaea'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#222222">'Societas Linguistica Europaea', Honorary Member<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#222222">Università di Pavia (retired)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#222222">Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS Pavia) (retired)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#222222">piazzetta Arduino 11 - I 27100 Pavia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#222222">##39 0382 27027<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#222222">347 044 98 44<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Il giorno ven 12 lug 2024 alle ore 02:40 Mark Donohue via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> ha scritto:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Don't forget<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Jila Ghomeshi, Ray Jackendoff, Nicole Rosen and Kevin Russell. 2004. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 22 (2): 307-357.</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Fri, 12 Jul 2024 at 09:48, Pin Wang via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Hi Randy,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">I’d like to add an example: When chairing your talk at our 2018 language typology forum (University of Sydney), Prof Christian Matthiessen introduced you as a ‘linguist linguist’ ;-)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Pin</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On 12 Jul 2024, at 2:26 am, Randy J. LaPolla via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi again Mira,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">A more exact natural example of what you are talking about was used by Larry Horn teaching Pragmatics many years ago: At an LSA conference someone got ill, so one person got up on stage and asked the attendees “Is there a doctor in the
house?” and half the audience raised their hands. The person then said, “No, a <b>
doctor</b> doctor!”<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Randy<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal">On 10 Jul 2024, at 8:55<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span>PM, Mira Ariel <<a href="mailto:mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il" target="_blank">mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Nigel,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Yes, this is the trajectory Bardenstein and Ariel talk about. Better think of “a cookie cookie”. That can have both prototypical and intensified meanings.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Mira<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Sent from my iPhone<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">On 10 Jul 2024, at 15:40, Nigel Vincent via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"></span> <o:p>
</o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Interesting - I'd have interpreted that ad to mean not 'central/prototype' but something more evaluative: 'the best you can get' or words to that effect. The picture doesn't look like what I would consider a prototype cookie (or biscuit,
as I would say!).<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Nigel<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<div id="m_-3622466554808983954m_3577347525578179475Signature">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE<br>
Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics<br>
The University of Manchester<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Linguistics & English Language<br>
School of Arts, Languages and Cultures<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">The University of Manchester<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"><a href="https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html" target="_blank">https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of Randy LaPolla via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 10 July 2024 2:23 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> <<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"</span>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"></span>Mira’s message reminded me of an English example where repetition narrows the term to central/prototype inferences:
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><image.png><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">In case the image doesn’t come out, it is the tag line on Pepperidge Farms’ Captiva cookie:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">“If you’re going to have a cookie, have a <b>cookie</b>”<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Randy<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">On Jul 10, 2024, at 15:42, Mira Ariel via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</blockquote>
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<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"></span> <o:p>
</o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Francesca and others,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I'm curious to know if these prototypicalization morphemes sometimes evolve an intensifying function later. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Bardenstein and I have a paper in <i>Studies in</i> <i>Language
</i>46:2 (2022), where we trace the evolution of a number of intensifiers. Lo and behold, they evolve from expressions which narrow the application of the term to its central/prototpycal instances. Later on this narrower may evolve an intensifying function.
We only discuss independent modifiers, but reduplication, even morphological one, can indicate intensification:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hebrew:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><i>Yafe yafe </i><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Beautiful beautiful <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">'Central concept of beautiful (not 'more or less beautiful')'/'Very beautiful' <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><i>Yefe.fe </i>(lexical reduplication) <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">'Very beautiful' <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Mira (Ariel)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center">
<hr size="2" width="98%" align="center">
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<div id="m_-3622466554808983954m_3577347525578179475x_divRplyFwdMsg">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of Riccardo Giomi via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 9, 2024 9:07 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"</span>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Francesca (and all),<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Leti (Austronesian) has an "exactness" marker -- which again, actually appears to be a clitic, but anyway:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1">
a. <i>N-tivl=<b>e</b>.</i> b. <i>N-tivla.</i><o:p></o:p></li></ol>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> 3.SG-flap=<b>EXCT </b>3.SG-flap<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> ‘It flaps.’ ‘It sort of flaps.’<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> (2) a. <i>vuar=lalavn=<b>e</b></i> b. <i>vuar=lalavn</i><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> big=mountain=<b>EXCT</b> big=mountain<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> ‘a big mountain’ ‘a sort of a big mountain’<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">van Engelenhoven, Aone, 2004. <i>Leti, a Language of Southwest Maluku
</i>(Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 211). KITLV Press, Leiden.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Riccardo<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<div id="m_-3622466554808983954m_3577347525578179475x_x_Signature">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#174E86">Riccardo Giomi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#174E86">Assistant Professor of Functional Linguistics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#174E86">University of Amsterdam<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#174E86">Faculty of Humanities: Department of Linguistics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#174E86">Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</div>
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<div id="m_-3622466554808983954m_3577347525578179475x_x_divRplyFwdMsg">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 July 2024 19:44<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"</span>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Francesca,<br>
<br>
Cabecar (Chibchan) has a a formative <i>sí</i><i><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">̱</span></i> with a twofold distribution:<br>
<br>
a) As a derivational suffix on nouns, it means 'authentic', 'prototypical':<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li style="margin-top:5.95pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:green">a. chíchi-sí̱</span><o:p></o:p></li></ol>
<p style="margin-left:36.0pt;break-inside:avoid;break-after:avoid"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">dog-auth</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"> ‘authentic dog’</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;break-inside:avoid;break-after:avoid">
<span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:green">b. ju-sí̱</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin-left:36.0pt;break-inside:avoid;break-after:avoid"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">house-auth</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"> ‘authentic/real/legitimate house (i.e. traditional Cabecar house)’</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">b) As an enclitic on adjectives, it means 'comparatively':<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li style="margin-top:5.95pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3"><a name="m_-3622466554808983954_m_357734752557817"></a><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:green">a. báá=sí̱</span><o:p></o:p></li></ol>
<p style="margin-left:36.0pt;break-inside:avoid;break-after:avoid"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">nice=cmpr</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"> ‘comparatively/truly nice’</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;break-inside:avoid;break-after:avoid">
<span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:green">b. daláá=sí̱</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin-left:36.0pt;break-inside:avoid;break-after:avoid"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif">yellow=cmpr</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif"> ‘genuinely yellow’</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p>It fulfills this latter function in comparative constructions, too.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Best, Christian<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
Deutschland<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tbody>
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<td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">Tel.:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">+49/361/2113417<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">E-Post:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt"><a href="mailto:christianw_lehmann@arcor.de" target="_blank">christianw_lehmann@arcor.de</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">Web:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.christianlehmann.eu/__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!Dc5B3RGgs9CwKb_HPO365SAFRXwA7GEwDM7386bdhfSqmL0-MWBa7VFnxqlSZY_CISTmbETs_J9ra_VBnE5f1tdqEw3hk71U4cNPeQ$" target="_blank">https://www.christianlehmann.eu
[christianlehmann.eu]</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><image.png><o:p></o:p></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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