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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Guillaume,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Considering similar possessive constructions, I think when someone emphasizes one member of a group by highlighting a particular feature, it typically conveys a superlative meaning. This suggests that the member is likely
perceived as the best in that feature. For example, in Persian one can say:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Zerang=e</span><span lang="EN-US">š</span><span lang="EN-US">un goft<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Smart=3pl said<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">“The smart one of them said”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This implies that the other members are either not smart or not as smart as this person, making this person the smartest. I am not sure about other languages, but in Perisan, =e</span><span lang="EN-US">š</span><span lang="EN-US">un
still refers to a plural entity in such uses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">All the best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Zahra<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Guillaume Jacques <rgyalrongskad@gmail.com>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 16, 2024 5:49 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Zahra Etebari Shekarsaraei <zahra.etebari@lingfil.uu.se><br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Discourse functions of possessive markers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Zahra, <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">It is maybe not what you are looking for, but in Japhug, the possessive prefixes on the participle of an adjectival verb can be used to express a superlative meaning, as in the following example. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">[pɣa tʰamtɕɤt ɣɯ nɯ-kɯ-mpɕɤr] nɯ rmɤβja ɲɯ-ŋu.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">bird all gen 3pl.poss-sbj:pcp-be.beautiful dem peacock sens-be<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">'The most beautiful of all birds is the peacock.'<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">(ex 82, p. 1451 of the Japhug grammar, <a href="https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/295">A grammar of Japhug | Language Science Press (langsci-press.org)</a>)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Although it can be viewed as a special type of possessive construction (literally "The beautiful one of/among the birds"), I thought that was nevertheless distinct enough from usual possessive constructions to be interesting to your query,
and perhaps relatable to the "emphatic" function of possessive prefixes you mention.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I actually wonder if this is a crosslinguistically widespread way of expressing superlative.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Guillaume<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Le mar. 16 juil. 2024 à 14:53, Zahra Etebari Shekarsaraei via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> a écrit :<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Dear all,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">I am preparing a dataset for development of discourse functions in possessive/personal markers cross-linguistically. I am particularly
interested in constructions (relevant examples below) where a possessive/personal marker is used not to convey possession or refer to another item, but to denote functions such as definiteness, topicality, emphasis or contrast.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-indent:.5in">
<u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Definiteness</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="1" type="a">
<li class="m-5378427728675741562msolistparagraph" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Kútip turǵan <b>adamı</b> kelmedi. [Karakalpak]</span><o:p></o:p></li></ol>
<p class="m-5378427728675741562msolistparagraph"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">The person</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> he/she has been waiting for did not come.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m-5378427728675741562msolistparagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">(Utepovich 2023: 80)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m-5378427728675741562msolistparagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-indent:.5in">
<u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Contrast</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="2" type="a">
<li class="m-5378427728675741562msolistparagraph" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Ulizy-vylizy kyk bratjos,
<b>pokći-ez</b> [Udmurt]</span><o:p></o:p></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> lived-were.3SG two brothers
<b>younger.brother-3SG</b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> kuaner,
<b>byȝym-ez</b> uzyr.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> Poor
<b>older.brother-3SG</b> rich</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> There lived two brothers, the younger one was poor, the older one was rich.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> (Serebrennikov 1963: 133)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">So far, I have collected cases from over 60 language varieties spanning Uralic (Ugric, Permic, Mari, Mordvin, Samoyed), Altaic (Turkic,
Tungusic, Mongolic), Indo-European (Iranic), Afro-Asiatic (Semitic), and Austronesian (Javanese, Malay) families. If you have encountered similar uses in a language you work on or if you are aware of any lesser-known source on this topic, especially non-English
sources, I would be extremely grateful if you could share them with me.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Many thanks for your time!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Best wishes,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Zahra</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">References:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Serebrennikov, Boris A. 1963.
<i>Istoriceskaja Morfologija Permskix Jazykov</i> [Historical morphology of the Permic languages].
<span style="color:black">Moscow: <span style="background:white">Izdateľstvo AN SSSR</span>.</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Utepovich, Bekbergenov H. 2023. Semantic peculiarities of the possessive affixes in the Karakalpak language and their equivalents in
English. <i>Journal of Advanced Linguistic Studies</i>. 10(2). 64-82.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Zahra Etebari</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Postdoctoral researcher</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Department of Linguistics and Philology</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Uppsala University</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Thunbergsvägen 3H, Box 635</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">75126 Uppsala, Sweden</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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När du har kontakt med oss på Uppsala universitet med e-post så innebär det att vi behandlar dina personuppgifter. För att läsa mer om hur vi gör det kan du läsa här:
<a href="http://www.uu.se/om-uu/dataskydd-personuppgifter/" target="_blank">http://www.uu.se/om-uu/dataskydd-personuppgifter/</a>
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E-mailing Uppsala University means that we will process your personal data. For more information on how this is performed, please read here:
<a href="http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/data-protection-policy" target="_blank">http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/data-protection-policy</a>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="gmailsignatureprefix">-- </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Guillaume Jacques<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Directeur de recherches<br>
CNRS (CRLAO) - EPHE- INALCO <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr" target="_blank">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeJacques" target="_blank">https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/295</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://panchr.hypotheses.org/" target="_blank">http://panchr.hypotheses.org/</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">VARNING: Klicka inte på länkar och öppna inte bilagor om du inte känner igen avsändaren och vet att innehållet är säkert.<br>
CAUTION: Do not click on links or open attachments unless you recognise the sender and know the content is safe.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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