<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">Stassen’s <i>Predicative Possession </i>(as valuable as his <i>Intransitive Possession</i>) shows that ‘Have’ possession -- a transitive predicate strategy with possessor as the subject-like argument and possessum as object-like argument -- is found throughout the world (pp. 64-69). Also, intransitive strategies for encoding predicative possession often are reanalyzed as the transitive ‘Have’ strategy, a phenomenon that Stassen calls ‘Have-drift’ and discusses in chapter 6 of his book.<div><br></div><div>Best wishes,</div><div>Bill</div><div><br></div><div><p class="bibliography" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; font-size: medium; font-family: Times, serif;">Stassen, Leon. 2009. <i>Predicative possession. </i>Oxford: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></p><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Aug 8, 2024, at 2:03 PM, Sergey Loesov via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">My naïve feeling is
that the finite verb HAVE is best known from Romance and Germanic. It is absent
from Semitic, at least part of Slavic (Russian, eastern dialects of Ukrainian),
Turkish, Kurdish (at least Kurmanji), etc. </div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, 8 Aug 2024 at 21:51, Martin Haspelmath via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><u></u>
<div><p>There is, incidentally, an interesting terminological question
concerning what we regard as "verbless/nonverbal". What about (1)
and (2), for example?</p><p>(1) <i>We have enough money.</i></p><p>(2) (German): <i>Auf dem Tisch liegt ein Buch</i> [on the table
lies a book] 'There is a book on the table'<br>
</p><p>Do predpossessive sentences like (1) generally fall under
"nonverbal predication", or only when they do not include a
"verb"? Is English "have" a verb in this sense? But what about
"copula verbs"? Aren't they "verbal", too?</p><p>And what should we say about existential clauses like (2) ('There
is a book on the table'), which commonly make use of posture
verbs, as in German? Are existential clauses sometimes "verbal"
and sometimes "verbless"?</p><p>It seems to me that the best way to define terms such as "verbal
predication", "existential clause", and "predpossessive clause" is
as construction-functions. By contrast, the terms "copula clause"
and "transpossessive construction" (= 'have' construction) are
best defined as construction-strategies.</p><p>(For the contrast between construction(-function)s and
(construction-)strategies, see Croft 2022, and my forthcoming
paper: <a href="https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/007897" target="_blank">https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/007897</a>)</p><p>Thus, I would say that (1) and (2) are nonverbal (in a
comparative-concept perspective), even though from a
language-particular viewpoint, "have" is an English Verb, and
"liegen" is a German Verb.</p><p>Martin<br>
</p><p><br>
</p><p>On 08.08.24 19:30, Spike Gildea via Lingtyp wrote:</p>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt">I would also
suggest:<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p>Mikkelsen, Line. 2011. Copular clauses.
In Claudia Maienborn, Klaus von Heusinger, and Paul Portner
(eds.)
<i>Semantics: An International Handbook of Natural Language
Meaning,</i> volume 2, 1805–1829. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.<u></u><u></u></p><p>Overall, Simon, Rosa Vallejos, &
Spike Gildea. 2018. Non-verbal predication in Amazonian
languages: Introduction.
<i>Nonverbal predication in Amazonian Languages</i>, ed. by
Simon Overall, Rosa Vallejos, & Spike Gildea, 1-49.
Typological Studies in Language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<u></u><u></u></p><p>Pustet, Regina. 2003. <i>Copulas:
Universals in the categorization of the lexicon</i>. Oxford:
OxfordUniversity Press.
<u></u><u></u></p><p><u></u> <u></u></p><p>And especially: <u></u><u></u></p><p><u></u> <u></u></p><p>Stassen, Leon. 1997. <i>Intransitive
Predication</i>. Oxford: OUP.<u></u><u></u></p><p><u></u> <u></u></p><p>Best,<u></u><u></u></p><p>Spike<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div id="m_-181885955805416583mail-editor-reference-message-container">
<div>
<div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(181,196,223);padding:3pt 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><b><span style="">From:
</span></b><span style="">Lingtyp
<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a> on
behalf of Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp
<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Date: </b>Thursday, August 8, 2024 at 1:49</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="">PM<br>
<b>To: </b><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] verbless predications<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal">Dear Sergey,<br>
<br>
here are some references for nominal clauses:<u></u><u></u></p><p>Clairis, Christos & Chamoreau, Claudine &
Costaouec, Denis & Guérin, Françoise (eds.) 2005,
<i>Typologie de la syntaxe connective.</i> Rennes: Presses
Universitaires de Rennes (Rivages linguistiques).<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Hengeveld, Kees 1990, "Semantic
relations in non-verbal predications." Nuyts, Jan &
Bolkestein, A. Machtelt & Vet, Co (eds.),
<i>Layers and levels of representation in language theory.
A functional view.</i> Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J.
Benjamins; 101-122.
<u></u><u></u></p><p>Hengeveld, Kees 1992, <i>Non-verbal predication. Theory,
typology, diachrony.</i> Berlin & New York: Mouton
de Gruyter.<u></u><u></u></p><p>Levin, Saul 1978, "Predication through an obligatory
copulative verb." <i>LACUS</i> 5:503-509.<u></u><u></u></p><p>Li, Charles N. & Thompson, Sandra A. 1977, "A
mechanism for the development of copula morphemes." Li,
Charles N. (ed.),
<i>Mechanisms of syntactic change.</i> Austin &
London: University of Texas Press; 419-444.<u></u><u></u></p><p>Penner, Zvi 1988, <i>The grammar of the nominal
sentence. A government-binding approach.</i> Bern:
Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität
(Arbeitspapier, 24).<u></u><u></u></p><p>Pernée, Lucien 1985, "La relation prédicative en grec:
phrase nominale et verbe être."
<i>Travaux du Cercle Linguistique d'Aix-en-Provence</i>
3:61-75.<u></u><u></u></p><p>Rapoport, Tova R. 1987, <i>Copular, nominal and small
clauses. A study of Israeli Hebrew.</i> Cambridge: MIT,
Department of Linguistics & Philosophy (Unpubl. PhD
dissertation).<u></u><u></u></p><p>Vapnarsky, Valentina 2013, "Is Yucatec Maya an
omnipredicative language? Predication, the copula and
focus constructions."
<i>Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung</i> 66:40-86.<u></u><u></u></p><p>Wetzer, Harrie 1992, "`Nouny' and `verby' adjectivals: a
typology of predicative adjectival constructions." Kefer,
Michel & Van der Auwera (eds.),
<i>Meaning and grammar. Cross-linguistic perspectives.</i>
Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter (Empirical
Approaches to Language Typology, 10); 223-262.<u></u><u></u></p><p>Wetzer, Harrie 1996, <i>The typology of adjectival
predication.</i> Berlin & New York: Mouton de
Gruyter (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology, 17).<u></u><u></u></p><p>A topic different from this one are clauses which are
missing their verb. This is treated for Latin in<u></u><u></u></p><p>Carvalho, Paulo de 1978, "Syntaxe et sémantique: verbe et
phrase en latin." <i>
Revue des Études Anciennes</i> 80:239-247.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">and for Russian in <u></u><u></u></p><p>Wiemer, Björn 1996, "Klassifikacija nulevyx skazujemyx v
russkom jazyke po ix leksičeskim i referencial'nym
xarakteristikam."
<i>Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowańskiej</i>
33:245-273.<u></u><u></u></p><p>Best,<u></u><u></u></p><p>Christian<u></u><u></u></p><p><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<pre cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
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