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<p>Mari (Uralic) has an interesting pair of adjectives using the
fully productive privative derivational suffix <i>-dəme</i>
'-less' here:</p>
<p><i>mučas-dəme</i><br>
end-PRIV<br>
'endless'</p>
<p><i>ńi-mučas-dəme</i><br>
NEG-end-PRIV<br>
'endless'</p>
<p>... with <i>ńi</i>- being a prefix most likely borrowed from
Russian used to create negative indefinites (<i>molan </i>'why'
> <i>ńimonal </i>'for no reason') and otherwise only
attaching to pronominal stems.</p>
<p>Best,<br>
Jeremy<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 18/08/2024 22:11, Hartmut Haberland
via Lingtyp wrote:<br>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US">I do not know if anybody has remarked on German
<i>Untiefe</i> which actually has two opposite meanings:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US">1. a shallow part of a river or the sea, where
the water is
<i>not</i> deep, hence a danger for ships that might get
stuck<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US">2. an unfathomably deep part of a river
(rarely) or the sea<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US">This is what the dictionaries say. For me,
<i>Untiefe</i> has mostly the first meaning, although some
people might claim it is old-fashioned or even obsolete.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US">Hartmut Haberland<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Fra:</span></b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
Lingtyp
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
<b>På vegne af </b>Volker Gast via Lingtyp<br>
<b>Sendt:</b> 18. august 2024 21:25<br>
<b>Til:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Emne:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Expletive derivational
negation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>There are some further interesting examples of the German
un-prefix on nouns:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Un-mensch 'inhuman person'<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Un-person 'persona non grata'<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Un-ding 'something unheard of'<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Un-zahl 'huge number' (cf. Un-menge)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>I had a look at Grimm's Wörterbuch, where I found some
further examples that I was unaware of, e.g. Un-haufe
'un-heap', Un-masse 'un-mass'. Some of these words seem to be
relatively old (16th cent.), others quite recent (and Unperson
may have been influenced by G. Orwell's English coinage? It
seems to have emerged in the middle of the 20th century in
German, according to the DWDS).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>There's clearly an emotive component to all of these, and I
think they all have a negative connotation. Some of the nouns
seem to be formed on the model of the pattern<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>'Some x that you cannot V (measure, count)' (cf. Stephane's
comment)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>"Un-mensch" is perhaps the example that's closest to literal
negation, 'someone who is not a human being'. Unding is mostly
used for abstract entities, in my German, and more or less
means 'scandal'.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>I think I would see these examples as instances of
subjectification and specialization, as others have written or
implied. The core meaning of 'un-' still survives in the
negative evaluation (cf. Bastian). Btw I think that 'Un-menge'
also has a negative evaluation. It's not just a large quantity
-- it's a quantity that's TOO large, according to some
standard.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Best,<br>
Volker<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Am 16.08.2024 um 14:18 schrieb ROBERT
Stephane via Lingtyp:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">I
fully agree with Bastian which perhaps expresses more
clearly what I meant by “high degree”: subjective
evaluation pointing to an extreme degree
(indescribable, inexpressible), positive or negative
depending on the notion involved. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">To
take on this meaning, lexical negation must be
combined with a gradable (or scalar) notion. In the
case of nouns, this typically involves mass nouns,
such as Menge (crowd), Tiefe (depth) vs. Freiheit
(freedom).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Stéphane<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">De
:</span></b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
Lingtyp
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
de la part de Zingler, Tim via Lingtyp
<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> vendredi 16 août 2024 14:15<br>
<b>À :</b> Bastian Persohn<br>
<b>Cc :</b> <a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Expletive derivational
negation</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Well, the
point is that these words contain what
synchronically looks like a negator affix even
though that affix does not negate the stem. So,
they seem to qualify for the phenomenon the
original post was about. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">But I
like the idea that the function has shifted as
part of a subjectification (?) process. Does
that happen with negators cross-linguistically?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div id="divtagdefaultwrapper">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Tim<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Von:</span></b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
Bastian Persohn
<a
href="mailto:persohn.linguistics@gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><persohn.linguistics@gmail.com></a><br>
<b>Gesendet:</b> Freitag, 16. August 2024
13:55<br>
<b>An:</b> Zingler, Tim<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Betreff:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Expletive
derivational negation</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">I’m not
sure that <i>Untiefe</i> is synonymous with
<i>Tiefe</i>, or <i>Unmenge</i> with <i>Menge</i>.
In my intuition <i>Un-menge</i> has an
evaluative ring to it (‚an undesirably large
or over-the-top amount‘), and DWDS
translates it as ’sehr große, übergroße
Menge’ [very big, unnecessary big amount]’.
Similarly,
<i>Un-tiefe</i> usually refers to an extreme
depth (cf. DWDS: ‚abgrundartige, sehr große
Tiefe in einem Gewässer [abysm-like, very
large depth in a body of water]‘.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Their
closest relatives are probably found in
instances like <i>Un-fall</i> ‚accident‘
<
<i>Fall</i> ‚case‘, i.e. ‚the undesirable
case‘ or <i>Un-tier</i> ‚monster‘, lit
‚un-animal‘. What all these have in common
is a negative element, albeit in the
subjective rather than the material
domain.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Bastian
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<blockquote
style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Am
16.08.2024 um 13:10 schrieb
Zingler, Tim via Lingtyp
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">German has <i>Un-tiefe</i>,
which essentially means the
same as<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Tiefe</i> 'depth'. Or<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Un-menge</i>, largely
synonymous with<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Menge</i> 'mass, crowd, great
amount.' These seem
perfectly analogous to<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>valuable-invaluable</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">I'm sure
there's more, but I don't
know if that prefix is
cognate with the negator
found in, for instance,<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Un-freiheit</i> 'unfreedom.'
So, there are probably
complications involved if
one were to analyze that
more seriously.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="divtagdefaultwrapper">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Tim<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Von:</span></b><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Lingtyp
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
im Auftrag von ROBERT
Stephane via Lingtyp
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Gesendet:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Freitag, 16. August 2024 11:48<br>
<b>An:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Betreff:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Lingtyp] Expletive
derivational negation</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Dear
Joe,<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Personally,
I do not regard these
uses of lexical
negation as expletive
but rather as
contributing a
construction with a
high-degree value that
can be paraphrased as
follows: 'this object
is (valuable) to a
degree that I
(speaker) cannot
(even) express', or '<b>no</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>matter how hard I try to estimate
how much X is P, I<span
class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span><b>can't</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>express it'(P for predicate).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
Note that in the
examples I can analyse
(Germanic, English and
also French '<i>in-estim-able</i>'),
this lexical negation
is combined with a
suffix (cf. Germ. -<i>bar</i>,
Eng. < Fr. -<i>able</i>)
which contributes to
the meaning of the
construction because
it expresses
evaluation about
capacity ‘which can be
P’ .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Best<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Stéphane
ROBERT
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
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href="https://llacan.cnrs.fr/" moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://llacan.cnrs.fr</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">De
:</span></b><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Lingtyp
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
de la part de Hannu
Tommola via Lingtyp
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>vendredi 16 août 2024 11:03<br>
<b>À :</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" moz-do-not-send="true"><LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG></a>;
Pun Ho Lui<br>
<b>Objet :</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Lingtyp] Expletive
derivational
negation</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black">there seems to be a tendency to lexicalize
'invaluable' in an
intensifying
non-negative
meaning (cf.
Russian<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>bes-cennyj</i> 'invaluable,
priceless', which
has an obsolete
meaning
'valueless' =<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>ne-cennyj</i>). This tendency
goes back to the
verb 'value' that
has, in various
languages, both
the meanings 1)
'estimate', 2)
'regard/estimate
highly'. Cf. also
German<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>un-schätzbar</i> 'invaluable'
<<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>schätzen</i> 1. 'to regard
highly, respect',
2. 'value,
estimate'; the
same applies to
Swedish<i>o-skattbar</i> <<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>(upp)skatta</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black">Hannu Tommola<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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style="text-align:center" align="center"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Lähettäjä:</span></b><span
class="apple-converted-space"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Lingtyp
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
käyttäjän Pun Ho
Lui via Lingtyp
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
puolesta<br>
<b>Lähetetty:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>perjantai 16. elokuuta 2024 3.22<br>
<b>Vastaanottaja:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" moz-do-not-send="true"><LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG></a>
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Aihe:</b><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>[Lingtyp] Expletive derivational
negation</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Dear
linguists,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">I
am recently
interested in
lexical items
that consist of
a derivational
negative affix
which may not
contribute a
negative meaning
(i.e. being
expletive). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">For
instance,<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>in-valuable</i><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>~<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>valuable</i>. Other possible
examples would
be </span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"MS Gothic";color:black"
lang="JA">無價</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">
‘invaluable
[lit. NEG value’
in Mandarin, and<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>sewashi-nai</i><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>‘restless’ ~<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>sewashii</i><span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>‘busy’ in Japanese.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">I
have looked into
a number of
(decent) grammar
descriptions but
have no luck.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">I
am wondering if
you know of any
language with
similar items.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Thank
you.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Warmest,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Pun
Ho Lui Joe<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a
href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a
href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp"
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Lingtyp mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a
href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp"
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
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<br>
<fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
<pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Jeremy Bradley, Ph.D.
University of Vienna
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.mari-language.com">http://www.mari-language.com</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:jeremy.moss.bradley@univie.ac.at">jeremy.moss.bradley@univie.ac.at</a>
Office address:
Institut EVSL
Abteilung Finno-Ugristik
Universität Wien
Campus AAKH, Hof 7-2
Spitalgasse 2-4
1090 Wien
AUSTRIA
Mobile: +43-664-99-31-788
Skype: jeremy.moss.bradley</pre>
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