<div dir="ltr"><div>I wonder if these posts might be relevant (just two links here representing a lot of related discussion):</div><div><a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/000500.html">http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/000500.html</a> ("fail to miss", and psycholinguistic opacity of some usage of negation)<br></div><div><a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002164.html">http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002164.html</a> ("unpacked")</div><div><br></div><div>(By the way, I agree with the others who have said there is a meaning difference between for example valuable and invaluable, where the latter means 'can't be valued' as a more extreme meaning. At least in principle and etymology, while a corpus study of usage might show how these terms are actually used, if different. Invaluable, at least, is for my native California English only learned vocabulary that I would probably only used in a relatively prescriptive way. But I'm not sure about others.)<br></div><div><br></div><div>Daniel<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Aug 19, 2024 at 9:19 AM Jeremy Bradley via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><u></u>
<div>
<p>Analogy to "irrespective" is probably an etymological factor in
that one, but I would assume that expletive reading is why the
school grammarian argument against it - that it's a double
negative and thus shouldn't have a negative reading in the end -
doesn't hold in practice and people don't actually have problems
parsing the intended meaning there.</p>
<p>Best,<br>
Jeremy<br>
</p>
<div>On 19/08/2024 18:07, Peter Arkadiev
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>What about the (in)famous "irregardless" then?</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Best wishes,</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Peter</div>
<div> </div>
<div>19.08.2024, 17:04, "Jeremy Bradley via Lingtyp"
<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>:</div>
<blockquote>
<p>Mari (Uralic) has an interesting pair of adjectives using the
fully productive privative derivational suffix <em>-dəme</em>
'-less' here:</p>
<p><em>mučas-dəme</em><br>
end-PRIV<br>
'endless'</p>
<p><em>ńi-mučas-dəme</em><br>
NEG-end-PRIV<br>
'endless'</p>
<p>... with <em>ńi</em>- being a prefix most likely borrowed
from Russian used to create negative indefinites (<em>molan </em>'why'
> <em>ńimonal </em>'for no reason') and otherwise only
attaching to pronominal stems.</p>
<p>Best,<br>
Jeremy</p>
<p> </p>
<div>On 18/08/2024 22:11, Hartmut Haberland via Lingtyp wrote:</div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt" lang="EN-US">I
do not know if anybody has remarked on German <em>Untiefe</em>
which actually has two opposite meanings:</span></p>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt" lang="EN-US">1.
a shallow part of a river or the sea, where the water is
<em>not</em> deep, hence a danger for ships that might
get stuck</span></p>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt" lang="EN-US">2.
an unfathomably deep part of a river (rarely) or the sea</span></p>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt" lang="EN-US">This
is what the dictionaries say. For me, <em>Untiefe</em>
has mostly the first meaning, although some people might
claim it is old-fashioned or even obsolete.</span></p>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt" lang="EN-US">Hartmut
Haberland</span></p>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<div>
<div style="border-style:solid none none;border-top-color:rgb(225,225,225);border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><strong><span style="font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">Fra:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt"> Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
<strong>På vegne af </strong>Volker Gast via
Lingtyp<br>
<strong>Sendt:</strong> 18. august 2024 21:25<br>
<strong>Til:</strong> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<strong>Emne:</strong> Re: [Lingtyp] Expletive
derivational negation</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"> </p>
<p>There are some further interesting examples of the German
un-prefix on nouns:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Un-mensch 'inhuman person'</p>
<p>Un-person 'persona non grata'</p>
<p>Un-ding 'something unheard of'</p>
<p>Un-zahl 'huge number' (cf. Un-menge)</p>
<p> </p>
<p>I had a look at Grimm's Wörterbuch, where I found some
further examples that I was unaware of, e.g. Un-haufe
'un-heap', Un-masse 'un-mass'. Some of these words seem to
be relatively old (16th cent.), others quite recent (and
Unperson may have been influenced by G. Orwell's English
coinage? It seems to have emerged in the middle of the
20th century in German, according to the DWDS).</p>
<p> </p>
<p>There's clearly an emotive component to all of these, and
I think they all have a negative connotation. Some of the
nouns seem to be formed on the model of the pattern</p>
<p> </p>
<p>'Some x that you cannot V (measure, count)' (cf.
Stephane's comment)</p>
<p> </p>
<p>"Un-mensch" is perhaps the example that's closest to
literal negation, 'someone who is not a human being'.
Unding is mostly used for abstract entities, in my German,
and more or less means 'scandal'.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>I think I would see these examples as instances of
subjectification and specialization, as others have
written or implied. The core meaning of 'un-' still
survives in the negative evaluation (cf. Bastian). Btw I
think that 'Un-menge' also has a negative evaluation. It's
not just a large quantity -- it's a quantity that's TOO
large, according to some standard.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Best,<br>
Volker</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm">Am
16.08.2024 um 14:18 schrieb ROBERT Stephane via Lingtyp:</p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:5pt">
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">I
fully agree with Bastian which perhaps expresses
more clearly what I meant by “high degree”:
subjective evaluation pointing to an extreme
degree (indescribable, inexpressible), positive or
negative depending on the notion involved. </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">To
take on this meaning, lexical negation must be
combined with a gradable (or scalar) notion. In
the case of nouns, this typically involves mass
nouns, such as Menge (crowd), Tiefe (depth) vs.
Freiheit (freedom).</span></p>
</div>
<p><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
<p><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Stéphane</span></p>
<p><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><b><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">De
:</span></b><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">
Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
de la part de Zingler, Tim via Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> vendredi 16 août 2024 14:15<br>
<b>À :</b> Bastian Persohn<br>
<b>Cc :</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Expletive
derivational negation</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
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<div id="m_106546175178746724e566dda085c6d9c14dfba6a8e1f57923divtagdefaultwrapper">
<p><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">Well, the point
is that these words contain what
synchronically looks like a negator affix
even though that affix does not negate the
stem. So, they seem to qualify for the
phenomenon the original post was about. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">But I like the
idea that the function has shifted as part
of a subjectification (?) process. Does that
happen with negators cross-linguistically?</span></p>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"><br>
Best,</span></p>
</div>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">Tim</span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><b><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">Von:</span></b><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">
Bastian Persohn <a href="mailto:persohn.linguistics@gmail.com" target="_blank"><persohn.linguistics@gmail.com></a><br>
<b>Gesendet:</b> Freitag, 16. August
2024 13:55<br>
<b>An:</b> Zingler, Tim<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Betreff:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Expletive
derivational negation</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">I’m not sure
that <i>Untiefe</i> is synonymous with <i>Tiefe</i>,
or <i>Unmenge</i> with <i>Menge</i>.
In my intuition <i>Un-menge</i> has an
evaluative ring to it (‚an undesirably
large or over-the-top amount‘), and DWDS
translates it as ’sehr große, übergroße
Menge’ [very big, unnecessary big
amount]’. Similarly, <i>Un-tiefe</i> usually
refers to an extreme depth (cf. DWDS:
‚abgrundartige, sehr große Tiefe in
einem Gewässer [abysm-like, very large
depth in a body of water]‘. </span></p>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">Their closest
relatives are probably found in
instances like <i>Un-fall</i> ‚accident‘
< <i>Fall</i> ‚case‘, i.e. ‚the
undesirable case‘ or <i>Un-tier</i> ‚monster‘,
lit ‚un-animal‘. What all these have
in common is a negative element,
albeit in the subjective rather than
the material domain.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">Best,</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">Bastian </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"><br>
<br>
</span></p>
<blockquote style="margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:5pt">
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">Am 16.08.2024 um
13:10 schrieb Zingler, Tim via
Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>:</span></p>
</div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">German has <i>Un-tiefe</i>,
which essentially means
the same as<span> </span><i>Tiefe</i> 'depth'.
Or<span> </span><i>Un-menge</i>,
largely synonymous with<span> </span><i>Menge</i> 'mass,
crowd, great amount.'
These seem perfectly
analogous to<span> </span><i>valuable-invaluable</i>.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">I'm sure there's
more, but I don't know
if that prefix is
cognate with the negator
found in, for instance,<span> </span><i>Un-freiheit</i> 'unfreedom.'
So, there are probably
complications involved
if one were to analyze
that more seriously.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"><br>
Best,</span></p>
</div>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif">Tim</span></p>
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<hr style="width:814.35pt" width="1086" size="2" align="center"> </span></div>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><b><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">Von:</span></b><span><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt"> </span></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">Lingtyp
<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
im Auftrag von ROBERT
Stephane via Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Gesendet:</b><span> </span>Freitag,
16. August 2024 11:48<br>
<b>An:</b><span> </span><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Betreff:</b><span> </span>Re:
[Lingtyp] Expletive
derivational negation</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Dear
Joe,<span> </span></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Personally,
I do not regard
these uses of
lexical negation
as expletive but
rather as
contributing a
construction with
a high-degree
value that can be
paraphrased as
follows: 'this
object is
(valuable) to a
degree that I
(speaker) cannot
(even) express',
or '<b>no</b><span> </span>matter
how hard I try to
estimate how much
X is P, I<span><b> </b></span><b>can't</b><span> </span>express
it'(P for
predicate).</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><br>
Note that in the
examples I can
analyse (Germanic,
English and also
French '<i>in-estim-able</i>'),
this lexical
negation is
combined with a
suffix (cf. Germ.
-<i>bar</i>, Eng.
< Fr. -<i>able</i>)
which contributes
to the meaning of
the construction
because it
expresses
evaluation about
capacity ‘which
can be P’ .</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm 0cm 12pt"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Best</span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Stéphane
ROBERT </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><a href="https://llacan.cnrs.fr/" target="_blank">https://llacan.cnrs.fr</a></span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><b><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">De
:</span></b><span><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt"> </span></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">Lingtyp
<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
de la part de
Hannu Tommola
via Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b><span> </span>vendredi
16 août 2024
11:03<br>
<b>À :</b><span> </span><a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank"><LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG></a>;
Pun Ho Lui<br>
<b>Objet :</b><span> </span>Re:
[Lingtyp]
Expletive
derivational
negation</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black">Hi,</span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>
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<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black">there seems to be a tendency to lexicalize
'invaluable'
in an
intensifying
non-negative
meaning (cf.
Russian<span> </span><i>bes-cennyj</i> 'invaluable,
priceless',
which has an
obsolete
meaning
'valueless' =<span> </span><i>ne-cennyj</i>).
This tendency
goes back to
the verb
'value' that
has, in
various
languages,
both the
meanings 1)
'estimate', 2)
'regard/estimate highly'. Cf. also German<span> </span><i>un-schätzbar</i> 'invaluable'
<<span> </span><i>schätzen</i> 1.
'to regard
highly,
respect', 2.
'value,
estimate'; the
same applies
to Swedish<i>o-skattbar</i> <<span> </span><i>(upp)skatta</i>.</span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black">Best wishes,</span></p>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black">Hannu Tommola</span></p>
</div>
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<div id="m_106546175178746724f2e387f28ef856c18dfa722bbcbb9bfadivRplyFwdMsg">
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><b><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">Lähettäjä:</span></b><span><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt"> </span></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt">Lingtyp
<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
käyttäjän Pun
Ho Lui via
Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
puolesta<br>
<b>Lähetetty:</b><span> </span>perjantai
16. elokuuta
2024 3.22<br>
<b>Vastaanottaja:</b><span> </span><a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank"><LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG></a>
<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Aihe:</b><span> </span>[Lingtyp]
Expletive
derivational
negation</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
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<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Dear
linguists, </span></p>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">I
am recently
interested in
lexical items
that consist
of a
derivational
negative affix
which may not
contribute a
negative
meaning (i.e.
being
expletive). </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">For
instance,<span> </span><i>in-valuable</i><span> </span>~<span> </span><i>valuable</i>.
Other possible
examples would
be </span><span style="color:black;font-family:"ms gothic";font-size:10pt" lang="JA">無價</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">
‘invaluable
[lit. NEG
value’ in
Mandarin, and<span> </span><i>sewashi-nai</i><span> </span>‘restless’
~<span> </span><i>sewashii</i><span> </span>‘busy’
in Japanese.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">I
have looked
into a number
of (decent)
grammar
descriptions
but have no
luck.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">I
am wondering
if you know of
any language
with similar
items.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Thank
you.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
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<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Warmest,</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"verdana",sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Pun
Ho Lui Joe</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"helvetica",sans-serif;font-size:9pt">_______________________________________________<br>
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</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><span style="color:black;font-family:"calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
</div>
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<p style="font-family:"aptos",sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm"><br>
<br>
</p>
<pre style="font-family:"courier new";font-size:10pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt">_______________________________________________</pre>
<pre style="font-family:"courier new";font-size:10pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt">Lingtyp mailing list</pre>
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<pre style="font-family:"courier new";font-size:10pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></pre>
</blockquote>
</div>
<pre style="font-family:"courier new";font-size:10pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre style="font-family:"courier new";font-size:10pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt">--
Jeremy Bradley, Ph.D.
University of Vienna
<a href="http://www.mari-language.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.mari-language.com</a>
<a href="mailto:jeremy.moss.bradley@univie.ac.at" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">jeremy.moss.bradley@univie.ac.at</a>
Office address:
Institut EVSL
Abteilung Finno-Ugristik
Universität Wien
Campus AAKH, Hof 7-2
Spitalgasse 2-4
1090 Wien
AUSTRIA
Mobile: +43-664-99-31-788
Skype: jeremy.moss.bradley</pre>
,
<p>_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
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</blockquote>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div>-- </div>
<div>Peter Arkadiev, PhD Habil.</div>
<div><a href="https://peterarkadiev.github.io/" target="_blank">https://peterarkadiev.github.io/</a></div>
<div> </div>
</blockquote>
<pre cols="72">--
Jeremy Bradley, Ph.D.
University of Vienna
<a href="http://www.mari-language.com" target="_blank">http://www.mari-language.com</a>
<a href="mailto:jeremy.moss.bradley@univie.ac.at" target="_blank">jeremy.moss.bradley@univie.ac.at</a>
Office address:
Institut EVSL
Abteilung Finno-Ugristik
Universität Wien
Campus AAKH, Hof 7-2
Spitalgasse 2-4
1090 Wien
AUSTRIA
Mobile: +43-664-99-31-788
Skype: jeremy.moss.bradley</pre>
</div>
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</blockquote></div>