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--></style></head><body lang=EN-GB link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Thanks for an interesting bimodal typological observation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>In the sign languages I know well, Auslan and BSL, a sign which we gloss as HEY (consisting of a 5-handshape shaking side to side within the vision of the addressee) is used as means of gaining visual attention. It is also one of the most frequent signs in the conversational component of the BSL Corpus. It is similar to a gesture used by non-signers in the surrounding culture. (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024384114000333#sec0055">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024384114000333#sec0055</a>). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The ‘come here’ gesture used in Australian and British English-speaking culture (with palm oriented upwards, not downwards) is used with a similar meaning in Auslan and BSL.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Note that in many signing cultures, signs like HEY are generally used instead of name signs to get someone’s attention. Name signs tend only to be used when the person they refer to is not actually present. This is something that English speakers take some time to get used to, because using someone’s name is seen as more polite than other ways of getting attention in speech.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Adam<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'>---<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'>Adam Schembri (he/him)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>Professor of Linguistics<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>Mob: +44 7703 354 647<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>University of Birmingham<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>Department of Linguistics and Communication<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>Twitter: @AdamCSchembri<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>Personal website: <a href="https://sites.google.com/view/adamcschembri/home"><span style='color:#0563C1'>https://sites.google.com/view/adamcschembri/home</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>European Research Council project: <a href="http://www.signmorph.net"><span style='color:#0563C1'>www.signmorph.net</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:16.5pt'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><a href="http://www.birmingham.ac.uk" title="http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/"><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>www.birmingham.ac.uk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:16.5pt'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><a href="https://twitter.com/unibirmingham" title="https://twitter.com/unibirmingham"><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1155CC'>Twitter</span></a></span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#434343'> / </span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><a href="https://www.instagram.com/unibirmingham/" title="https://www.instagram.com/unibirmingham/"><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1155CC'>Instagram</span></a></span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#434343'> / </span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><a href="https://www.facebook.com/unibirmingham" title="https://www.facebook.com/unibirmingham"><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1155CC'>Facebook</span></a></span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#434343'> / </span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/university-of-birmingham/" title="https://www.linkedin.com/school/university-of-birmingham/"><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1155CC'>LinkedIn</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/index.aspx"><b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=224 height=56 style='width:2.3333in;height:.5833in' id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01DAFD23.13BA7380" alt="University of Birmingham logo."></span></b></a><span style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>If you have emailed me and are still waiting for a reply, please do not hesitate to get in touch again! Reminders are welcome. </span></i><i><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:"Apple Color Emoji";color:black'>😊</span></i><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>From: </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of David Gil via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br><b>Reply to: </b>David Gil <dapiiiiit@gmail.com><br><b>Date: </b>Saturday, 31 August 2024 at 21:20<br><b>To: </b>"LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" <LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org><br><b>Subject: </b>[Lingtyp] query: "come here" > "hey" grammaticalization in spoken and sign language<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Dear all,</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>I am interested in an apparent path of grammaticalization in which an expression meaning "come here" is reinterpreted as an exclamation whose effect seems to be to draw the interlocutor's attention to the speaker. I am familiar with two such cases and would like to know if any of you happen to be familiar with others.</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>The first is from Hebrew, in which <i>bo hena</i> (come.IMP.2SGM here), reduced to <i>boena</i>, may be used to begin an utterance, with an effect rather like English <i>hey</i>, as in</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Boena yored gešem</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>BOENA descend.PRS.SGM rain</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>'Hey it's raining'</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>The reduced nature of the form is often reflected by its orthographic representation as a single word: </span><span lang=HE dir=RTL style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>בוא הנה</span><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span> > </span><span lang=HE dir=RTL style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>בואנה</span><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span>.</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>The second case is from the home sign used by a single deaf child and his hearing friends in Sorong, on the western tip of New Guinea. The signers make use of a "come here" gesture that is widespread in many parts of the world, in which the hand is extended forward with the palm facing downward, and then makes one or more sweeping downward motions, iconically suggesting movement from the interlocutor to the signer. However, in this usage, the same gesture is used not to mean "come here", but rather to attract the interlocutor's attention, as a prelude to a further signed message.</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>I would appreciate any other examples you might be familiar with of similar paths of grammaticalization derived from "come here", in either spoken or signed language. For what it's worth, Heine and Kuteva's (2002) <i>World Lexicon of Grammaticalization</i> provides examples of COME > HORTATIVE grammaticalization, which is perhaps in the same ballpark, but not quite the same thing.</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thanks,</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>David</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><br clear=all><br><span class=gmailsignatureprefix>-- </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><pre>David Gil<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>Senior Scientist (Associate)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>Email: <a href="mailto:dapiiiiit@gmail.com" target="_blank">dapiiiiit@gmail.com</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-082113720302<o:p></o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal>_______________________________________________ Lingtyp mailing list Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp <o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>