<div dir="ltr"><div>Apologies for cross-posting</div><div><br></div><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><b>WS Title</b>: The associative construction and friends within Niger-Congo: When nouns unite<br><b>Workshop Location: </b>27th International Conference on Historical Linguistics (ICHL27), Santiago de Chile, 18-22 August 2025<br><b>Workshop Type</b>: in-person<br><b>Organizers</b>: Rebecca Paterson & Hugh Paterson III<br><b>Abstract Deadline</b>: October 18th, 2024<br><b>Abstract Details</b>: Maximum 800 words, excluding references.<br><b>Submission</b>: Email PDF of abstracts to both <a href="mailto:r.paterson@princeton.edu" target="_blank">r.paterson@princeton.edu</a> and <a href="mailto:i@hp3.me" target="_blank">i@hp3.me</a><br><b>Note</b>:
Workshops are in most cases restricted to 6 papers; all other papers,
if accepted, will be given as part of the ICHL general sessions. If
there is sufficient interest for an extended workshop (up to 12 papers),
we will lobby the local organizers to permit this format.<br><b>Workshop Website</b>: <a href="https://hughandbecky.us/Becky-CV/project/ichl27-workshop-associative-construction/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://hughandbecky.us/Becky-CV/project/ichl27-workshop-associative-construction/</a><br><b>Conference Website</b>: <a href="https://ichl27santiago.cl/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://ichl27santiago.cl</a><br><b>Publication</b>: We are pursuing publication via edited volume post-workshop.<br><br>Please direct questions to Rebecca Paterson <a href="mailto:r.paterson@princeton.edu" target="_blank">r.paterson@princeton.edu</a><br><br><b>Workshop description</b>:</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">The associative construction and friends within Niger-Congo: When nouns unite</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">The
noun phrase is highly important to communication and is significant
within historical-comparative work (e.g., wordlists). Noun phrase
internal constituency and order is correlated with discourse pragmatics
and sentence-level syntax in African languages (e.g., evolutionary
syntax). We propose a workshop discussing and exploring the evolution of
the range and forms of the associative construction both within and
beyond the noun phrase. <br><br>Across Niger-Congo, the common Noun-Noun
construction (also known as the associative construction per Welmers,
1963; a.k.a., connective, e.g., Meeussen 1967; connexive, e.g.,
Schadeberg 1995:176, and genitive, e.g., Benson 2020) has different
interpretive meanings and invokes a variety of morpho-phonological
forms. These forms in turn have various information-structure
implications and communicative impacts. The associative construction has
been discussed for certain sub-branches of Niger-Congo (e.g., Bantu,
see Van de Velde 2013). The full range of functions of Welmers’
associative construction is little explored synchronically or
diachronically. <br><br>While the syntax of the structure is
consistently [N Assoc N], variations on the form of the associative
marker itself are diverse as seen in examples 1a-e where the form can
take the shape of a low vowel, a low tone, or in some languages a high
tone. The canonical form for Bantu is proposed as AG-a; that is, a root
-a which is preceded by a noun class agreement prefix (Meeussen 1967),
and later Van de Velde (2013: 219). The exact morpho-phonological shape
of the construction varies from language to language.<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">(1)<br>a. Kagulu [kki] (Bantu; Tanzania; Petzell 2008: 86, as cited in Van de Velde 2013: 217) <br>m-eji g-a mu-nyu <br>6-water AG6-CON 3-salt <br>‘salt water’<br><br>b. Swahili [swa] (Bantu; Welmers 1963: 433)<br>maji y-a chumvi<br>{water AG-ASSOC salt }<br>‘salt water (water associated with salt)’<br><br>c. ut-Ma’in [gel] (Kainji; Nigeria; Paterson 2019: 264)<br>swā d- ̀ =u-rwág<br>nose AG5-ASSOC =C7-elephant<br>‘elephant trunk’ (ɘ̄r-swā ‘C5-nose’; ū-rwág ‘C7-elephant’)<br><br>d. Kwakum [kwu] (Bantu; Cameroon; Louagie et al. 2023)<br>ndètɛ̀ ´ -kɛ̀ɛ̀ <br>big CON -fish <br>‘the big fish’ (~ the being big/bigness of the fish)<br><br>e. Igbo [ibo] (Kwa; Nigeria; Welmers & Welmers 1969: 316)<br>ímé ꜜíkó<br>inside cup<br>‘inside of a cup’ (ímé ‘inside’; ìkó ‘cup’; ASSOC conveyed by tonal downstep)<br><br>Within
the noun phrase, various semantic relationships or functions between
the nouns are described for the associative construction including:
possessive (example 3), part-whole (specific-general) (example 1-c.),
material-composition (thing-compositional material) (example 2-a),
person-place (person from a place), place of use, and time of use. At
the clause level, these same constructions can convey semantics related
to method, utility (material), location, time, and cause. <br><br>(2) Swahili [swa] (Bantu; Welmers 1963: 433)<br>material: nyumba z-a mawe <br>‘houses made of stone’<br>material: alikifanya kw-a mti <br>‘he made it out of wood’<br>(3) Mumuye [mzm] (Adamawa; Shimizu 1983, as in Cahill 2000: 37)<br>kìn + kpàǹtī –> kìń kpàǹtī<br>chicken chief ‘chief’s chicken’<br><br>The
[N Assoc N] construction therefore sits at the apex of phonological,
syntactic, and semantic evolution. The evolution of semantic uses (Evans
2012: 201) may affect clauses on different evolutionary trajectories
from morpho-phonological sound changes. Therefore, the rather productive
and promiscuous associative construction can become involved in
independent evolutionary trajectories, e.g., phonological sound changes
and semantic uses. The proposed workshop welcomes studies which
illustrate the associative construction from any Niger-Congo language,
from a historical-comparative or internal-reconstruction perspective. Of
particular interest are those studies which discuss the evolution of
forms or functions related to noun-noun constructions from Gur, Adamawa,
Dogon, Ubangi, and other purported Niger-Congo branches with
constructions parallel to identified associative constructions in other
branches.<br><br><b>References</b><br>Benson, Peace. 2020. “A
Description of Dzә (Jenjo) Nouns and Noun Phrases, an Adamawa Language
of Northeastern Nigeria.” Asian and African Studies (Publication of
Saint Petersburg State University) 12 (4): 490–504. <a href="https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2020.402" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2020.402</a>.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Cahill, Michael. 2000. “Tonal Associative Morphemes in Optimality Theory.” VARIA: Working Papers in Linguistics 53: 31–70. <a href="https://linguistics.osu.edu/research/pubs/papers/archive" target="_blank">https://linguistics.osu.edu/research/pubs/papers/archive</a> <br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Evans,
V. 2010. “Evolution of Semantics.” In Concise Encyclopedia of
Philosophy of Language and Linguistics, edited by Alex Barber and Robert
J. Stainton, 196–204. Oxford; Boston: Elsevier.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Louagie,
Dana, Elisabeth Njantcho Kouagang, and Mark Van de Velde. 2023. “Kwakum
Nominal Expressions: Constructional Exuberance.” Presented at the 56th
Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea, Athens, Greece.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Meeussen, Achille Emile. 1967. “Bantu Grammatical Reconstructions.” Africana Linguistica 3 (1): 79–121. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3406/aflin.1967.873" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3406/aflin.1967.873</a>.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Paterson,
Rebecca Dow Smith. 2019. “Nominalization and Predication in U̱t-Maꞌin.”
Doctoral dissertation, Eugene, Oregon: University of Oregon.
Scholarsbank - University of Oregon. <a href="https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25259" target="_blank">https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25259</a>.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Shimizu,
Kiyoshi. 1983. The Zing Dialect of Mumuye: A Descriptive Grammar with a
Mumuye-English Dictionary and an English-Mumuye Index. Hamburg: Helmut
Buske.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Van De Velde, Mark.
2013. “The Bantu Connective Construction.” In The Genitive, edited by
Anne Carlier and Jean-Christophe Verstraete, 217–52. Case and
Grammatical Relations Across Languages 5. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
Publishing Company. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/cagral.5.08vel" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1075/cagral.5.08vel</a>.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Welmers, William E. 1963. “Associative a and ka in Niger-Congo.” Language 39 (3): 432–47. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/411125" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2307/411125</a>.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Welmers,
William E., and Beatrice F. Welmers. 1969. “Noun Modifiers in Igbo.”
International Journal of American Linguistics 35 (4): 315–22. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/465076" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1086/465076</a>.</div></div></div>
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