<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Dear all,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Indeed, the domain of apprehensive (~ apprehensional) modality has lately been the object of much research in linguistic typology.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">It is, in particular, the object of an upcoming volume:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><ul><li>Marine Vuillermet, Eva Schultze-Berndt & Martina Faller (eds) (f/c) <i>A typology of apprehensives</i>. <br>Studies in Diversity Linguistics. Language Science Press.</li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Let me put together a few references about apprehensive modality (among many). I've tried to find links for all of them:</div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><p class="gmail-Textnon-indented" style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;margin:2pt 0cm 2pt 21.3pt;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;font-size:11pt"></p><ul style=""><li style=""><span lang="EN-US" style=""><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Angelo, Denise & Eva
Schultze-Berndt. 2016. Beware bambai – lest it be apprehensive. In F. Meakins
& C. O’Shannessy (eds.), <i style="">Loss and Renewal: Australian languages since
colonisation</i>, 255–296. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. [<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297503377" style="">online</a>]</font></span></li><li style=""><span lang="EN-US"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Daniel, Michael & Nina Dobrushina
(f/c). Apprehensives in East Caucasian. In Vuillermet, Schultze-Berndt &
Faller (eds).</font></span></li><li style=""><font face="tahoma, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US">Dobrushina, Nina. 2006. </span>Грамматические
формы и конструкции со значением опасения и предостережения [Grammatical forms
and constructions with the meaning of fear and caution]. <i>Вопросы</i><i> языкознания</i><span lang="EN-US"> (Voprosy jazykoznanija) (2). 28–67. [<a href="https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9245205">online</a>]</span></font></li><li style=""><span lang="EN-US"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Faller, Martina & Eva
Schultze-Berndt. 2018. Introduction to the workshop “The semantics and
pragmatics of apprehensive markers in a cross-linguistic perspective". In <i>51st
Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea</i>. Tallin, Estonia. [<a href="https://societaslinguistica.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SLE-2018-Book-of-abstracts.pdf#page=540">abstract</a>]</font></span></li><li style="direction:ltr"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">François,
Alexandre. 2003. <i>La sémantique du prédicat en mwotlap (Vanuatu)</i>
(Collection Linguistique de La Société de Linguistique de Paris, 84). Paris,
Louvain: Peeters. [<a href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_books_e.htm#:~:text=La%20S%C3%A9mantique%20du%20Pr%C3%A9dicat%20en%20Mwotlap">online</a>] (→<a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_Mwotlap-Predicat_2003_SLP.pdf#page=321">pp.301-312</a>, chapter “L'évitatif”)</font></li><li style=""><span lang="EN-US"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">François, Alexandre. (f/c) Explicit
apprehensions, implicit instructions: An indirect speech act in the grammar. In
Vuillermet, Schultze-Berndt & Faller (eds). [<a href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_articles_e.htm#fcd">preprint</a>]</font></span></li><li style=""><span lang="EN-US"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Lichtenberk, Frantisek. 1995.
Apprehensional epistemics. In Joan Bybee & Suzanne Fleischmann (eds.), <i>Modality
in Grammar and Discourse</i> (Typological Studies in Language 32), 293–327.
Amsterdam: Benjamins. [<a href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.32.12lic">online</a>]</font></span></li><li style=""><span lang="EN-US"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Pakendorf, Brigitte & Ewa
Schalley. 2007. From possibility to prohibition: A rare grammaticalization
pathway. <i>Linguistic Typology</i> 11(3). [<a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/LINGTY.2007.032/html?lang=en">online</a>]</font></span></li><li style=""><span lang="EN-US"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Schultze-Berndt, Eva. 2024. Risking
a new classification of possibility modals: The role of apprehensives. Presidential
address, SLE Annual Meeting. Helsinki, Aug 2024. [<a href="https://www.academia.edu/123332263">online</a>]</font></span></li><li style=""><span lang="EN-US"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Smith-Dennis, Ellen. 2021. Don’t
feel obligated, lest it be undesirable: the relationship between prohibitives
and apprehensives in Papapana and beyond. <i>Linguistic Typology</i> 25(3).
413–459. [<a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/lingty-2020-2070/html?lang=en">online</a>]</font></span></li><li style=""><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Vuillermet,
Marine. 2017. Questionnaire on apprehensional morphology. Laboratoire Dynamique
Du Langage, Lyon, France, ms. [<a href="http://tulquest.huma-num.fr/fr/node/135">online</a>].
</font></li><li style=""><span lang="EN-US"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Vuillermet, Marine. 2018.
Grammatical fear morphemes in Ese Ejja: Making the case for a morphosemantic
apprehensional domain. <i>Studies in Language</i> 42(1). 256–293. [<a href="https://www.academia.edu/34905046/">online</a>]</font></span></li><li style=""><span lang="PT-BR"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Vuillermet, Marine, Eva
Schultze-Berndt & Martina Faller. (f/c) Apprehensional constructions in a
cross-linguistic perspective. In Vuillermet, Schultze-Berndt & Faller
(eds).</font></span></li><li style=""><font face="tahoma, sans-serif"><span lang="PT-BR" style="">Vuillermet, Marine, Eva
Schultze-Berndt & Martina Faller (eds). (f/c) </span><i style=""><span lang="EN-US">A typology of apprehensives</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="">. </span>Studies in Diversity
Linguistics. Language Science Press<span lang="PT-BR" style="">.</span></font></li></ul><p style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"></p>
</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">It does seem that the <i>sa-</i> morpheme found by Cat in in Dalkalaen could indeed be labelled an apprehensive.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">best</div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><font size="2" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Alex</font><hr style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:13.33px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" width="70" size="1" noshade align="left"><p style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(69,129,142)">Alex François</span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></span></font></p><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="text-decoration:none" href="http://www.lattice.cnrs.fr/en/alexandre-francois/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">LaTTiCe</a> — <a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.cnrs.fr/en" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CNRS–</a></span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.ens.fr/laboratoire/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-et-cognition-umr-8094" rel="noopener" target="_blank">ENS</a></span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none">–</span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.psl.eu/en" rel="noopener" target="_blank">PSL</a></span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none">–</span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://www.univ-paris3.fr/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-cognition-umr-8094-3458.kjsp" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Sorbonne nouvelle</a><br></span><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/francois-a" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Australian National University</a></font><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><br></span></font></span></font></span><div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Personal homepage</a><br></span></font></span></div><div><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___</font><br><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span></div></div></div></div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <strong class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">Hanno Beck via Lingtyp</strong> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>></span><br>Date: Thu, 19 Sept 2024 at 14:13<br>Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Lingtyp Digest, Vol 120, Issue 12<br>To: <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><br><br><div class="msg-1619927492334373465">
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Dear Friends,</div>
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Just a small followup to Christian's remark that maybe /sa-/ could be characterized as 'apprehensive.' Scott AnderBois and colleagues (Brown University) have recent and current research running on what they call "apprehensive modality" -- it is quite interesting
and almost certainly relevant here. </div>
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In an undergraduate class that I teach, we spent an entire pleasant day playing around with the closest equivalent thing in English, which seems to be the word "lest."</div>
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Never a dull moment.</div>
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Hanno</div>
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Dr. Hanno T. Beck</div>
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Department of Linguistics</div>
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The University at Buffalo</div>
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<div id="m_-1619927492334373465divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="m_-1619927492334373465divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">---------- Forwarded message ---------</span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">From: <strong class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp</strong> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>></span><br>Date: Wed, 18 Sept 2024 at 16:50<br>Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Please help me label two Dalkalaen (Oceanic) TAM markers<br>To: <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><br><br><u></u><div><div>Dear Cat,<br><br>given function #d of <i>ga-</i>, it seems to be a universal subordinator; and this function would include #a - #c. In the interlinear gloss, just abbreviate it by SR.<br><br>It seems that you will have to both define a concept and coin a term for <i>sa-</i>. Something like 'apprehensive' might suit it.<br><br>Best,<br>Christian<br></div><blockquote type="cite">Dear Lingtyp community,<br><br>I'm trying to understand the function and relationship of two morphemes in Dalkalaen (Oceanic). I'm not sure they're prefixes, but for now, let's assume they are. They both occupy the same slot in the prefixal template of verbs, namely the outermost one.<br><br>1.: ga-<br>As far as I can tell, this prefix serves four functions:<br>a) specific temporal co-/subordination, e.g. GA-go "when they went (to place x, event y happened)"<br>b) general temporal/conditional co-/subordination, e.g. GA-chirp "when [a kingfisher] chirps (under circumstances x, then that means y)"<br>c) final/purposive subordination, e.g. GA-make "(x got ready) to make (food item y)", ga-GO "(x got up) to go (to the restroom)"<br>d) a kind of general complementation, e.g. we want GA-x "we want that x happens"<br><br>2.: sa-<br>This one never occurs on its own, but always in combination with<br>a) the potential marker (which refers to future possibilities, prospectives, hortatives), in which case the combo seems to refer to an undesirable prospective, e.g. SA-POT-eat "this fire could/will consume me [if I don't get out of here]". This combo is pretty rare.<br>b) the negative potential marker, which in fact can't occur without sa-. This combo refers to warnings and prohibitives, e.g. SA-NEG.POT-fall "(watch out so you) don't fall!", but also to more generally negated future possibilities, e.g. SA-NEG.POT-hurt "we're not going to / don't want to hurt you".<br><br>Ga- also often occurs with other TMA markers, including the potential marker, but I haven't been able to identify any kind of transparent pattern as to what exactly those markers contribute in those contexts; they seem to be kind of optional and interchangeable.<br><br>So my question is basically: How would you label these two markers?<br><br>Please send ANY kind of idea, literature recommendation etc. etc. etc. my way. Thank you, and I hope you have a nice week.<br><br>Warmest,<br></blockquote></div></div></div></div><br>
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