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Dear Friends,</div>
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Just a small followup to Christian's remark that maybe /sa-/ could be characterized as 'apprehensive.' Scott AnderBois and colleagues (Brown University) have recent and current research running on what they call "apprehensive modality" -- it is quite interesting
and almost certainly relevant here. </div>
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In an undergraduate class that I teach, we spent an entire pleasant day playing around with the closest equivalent thing in English, which seems to be the word "lest."</div>
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Never a dull moment.</div>
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Hanno</div>
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=====================</div>
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Dr. Hanno T. Beck</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, September 19, 2024 8:00 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Lingtyp Digest, Vol 120, Issue 12</font>
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Today's Topics:<br>
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1. Re: Please help me label two Dalkalaen (Oceanic) TAM markers<br>
(Christian Lehmann)<br>
<br>
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----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
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Message: 1<br>
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2024 16:49:52 +0200<br>
From: Christian Lehmann <christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de><br>
To: lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Please help me label two Dalkalaen (Oceanic)<br>
TAM markers<br>
Message-ID: <77bde356-447f-47e5-9286-9b40e717b4f3@Uni-Erfurt.De><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; Format="flowed"<br>
<br>
Dear Cat,<br>
<br>
given function #d of /ga-/, it seems to be a universal subordinator; and <br>
this function would include #a - #c. In the interlinear gloss, just <br>
abbreviate it by SR.<br>
<br>
It seems that you will have to both define a concept and coin a term for <br>
/sa-/. Something like 'apprehensive' might suit it.<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Christian<br>
> Dear Lingtyp community,<br>
><br>
> I'm trying to understand the function and relationship of two <br>
> morphemes in Dalkalaen (Oceanic). I'm not sure they're prefixes, but <br>
> for now, let's assume they are. They both occupy the same slot in the <br>
> prefixal template of verbs, namely the outermost one.<br>
><br>
> 1.: ga-<br>
> As far as I can tell, this prefix serves four functions:<br>
> a) specific temporal co-/subordination, e.g. GA-go "when they went (to <br>
> place x, event y happened)"<br>
> b) general temporal/conditional co-/subordination, e.g. GA-chirp "when <br>
> [a kingfisher] chirps (under circumstances x, then that means y)"<br>
> c) final/purposive subordination, e.g. GA-make "(x got ready) to make <br>
> (food item y)", ga-GO "(x got up) to go (to the restroom)"<br>
> d) a kind of general complementation, e.g. we want GA-x "we want that <br>
> x happens"<br>
><br>
> 2.: sa-<br>
> This one never occurs on its own, but always in combination with<br>
> a) the potential marker (which refers to future possibilities, <br>
> prospectives, hortatives), in which case the combo seems to refer to <br>
> an undesirable prospective, e.g. SA-POT-eat "this fire could/will <br>
> consume me [if I don't get out of here]". This combo is pretty rare.<br>
> b) the negative potential marker, which in fact can't occur without <br>
> sa-. This combo refers to warnings and prohibitives, e.g. <br>
> SA-NEG.POT-fall "(watch out so you) don't fall!", but also to more <br>
> generally negated future possibilities, e.g. SA-NEG.POT-hurt "we're <br>
> not going to / don't want to hurt you".<br>
><br>
> Ga- also often occurs with other TMA markers, including the potential <br>
> marker, but I haven't been able to identify any kind of transparent <br>
> pattern as to what exactly those markers contribute in those contexts; <br>
> they seem to be kind of optional and interchangeable.<br>
><br>
> So my question is basically: How would you label these two markers?<br>
><br>
> Please send ANY kind of idea, literature recommendation etc. etc. etc. <br>
> my way. Thank you, and I hope you have a nice week.<br>
><br>
> Warmest,<br>
<br>
<br>
-- <br>
<br>
Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
Deutschland<br>
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Tel.: +49/361/2113417<br>
E-Post: christianw_lehmann@arcor.de<br>
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