<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Dear Prof. Tsunoda,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Thanks for your query. Here are a few references I would recommend for Australian languages.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Relevant work by <b>Stephen Levinson</b>:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em"><div class="gmail-csl-entry"><ul><li>Levinson, Stephen. 1992. Language and cognition: the cognitive consequences of spatial description in Guugu Yimithirr. In <i>Working paper no. 13</i>. Cognitive Anthropology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.</li><li>——— 1996. Frames of reference and Molyneux’s question: Crosslinguistic evidence. In Paul Bloom, Mary Peterson, Lynn Nadel & Merrill Garrett (eds.), <i>Language and space</i>, 109–170. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.</li><li>——— 2003. <i>Space in Language and Cognition: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity</i> (Language, Culture and Cognition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613609">https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613609</a>.</li><li>Levinson, Stephen C. & David Wilkins. 2006. The background to the study of the language of space. In Stephen C. Levinson & David P. Wilkins (eds.), <i>Grammars of Space</i>, 1–23. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486753.002">https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486753.002</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Frames%20of%20reference%20and%20Molyneux's%20question%3A%20Crosslinguistic%20evidence&rft.place=Cambridge%2C%20MA&rft.publisher=The%20MIT%20Press&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.au=Stephen%20Levinson&rft.au=Paul%20Bloom&rft.au=Mary%20Peterson&rft.au=Lynn%20Nadel&rft.au=Merrill%20Garrett&rft.date=1996&rft.pages=109-170&rft.spage=109&rft.epage=170"></span>
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A978-0-511-61360-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space%20in%20Language%20and%20Cognition%3A%20Explorations%20in%20Cognitive%20Diversity&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.publisher=Cambridge%20University%20Press&rft.series=Language%2C%20Culture%20and%20Cognition&rft.aufirst=Stephen%20C.&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.au=Stephen%20C.%20Levinson&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=413&rft.isbn=978-0-511-61360-9&rft.language=en"></span>
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A978-0-511-48675-3%20978-0-521-85583-9%20978-0-521-67178-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The%20background%20to%20the%20study%20of%20the%20language%20of%20space&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.publisher=Cambridge%20University%20Press&rft.aufirst=Stephen%20C.&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.au=Stephen%20C.%20Levinson&rft.au=David%20P.%20Wilkins&rft.au=Stephen%20C.%20Levinson&rft.au=David%20Wilkins&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=1-23&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=23&rft.isbn=978-0-511-48675-3%20978-0-521-85583-9%20978-0-521-67178-1&rft.language=en"></span>
</div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">see also (on another language family):</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<div class="gmail-csl-entry"><ul><li>Brown, Penelope & Stephen Levinson. 1992. ‘Left’ and ‘right’ in Tenejapa: investigating a linguistic and conceptual gap. <i>Zeitschrift für Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung</i> 45. 590–611.</li></ul></div></div><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98Left%E2%80%99%20and%20%E2%80%98right%E2%80%99%20in%20Tenejapa%3A%20investigating%20a%20linguistic%20and%20conceptual%20gap&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift%20f%C3%BCr%20Phonetik%2C%20Sprachwissenschaft%20und%20Kommunikationsforschung&rft.volume=45&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.au=Penelope%20Brown&rft.au=Stephen%20Levinson&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=590-611&rft.spage=590&rft.epage=611"></span>
</div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Other publications on <b>Australian languages</b>:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><ul><li>Haviland, John B. 1993. Anchoring, iconicity and orientation in Guugu Yimithirr pointing gestures. <i>Journal of Linguistic Anthropology</i> 3(1). 3–45. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1993.3.1.3">https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1993.3.1.3</a>.</li><li>Hoffmann, Dorothea. 2011. Descriptions of Motion and Travel in Jaminjung and Kriol. [Doctoral Thesis, The University of<br>Manchester]. University of Manchester. 332pp. [<a href="https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/33527759/FULL_TEXT.PDF">link</a>]</li><li>——— 2018. Talking about motion in Aboriginal Australia: How linguistic structure and culture influence motion event encoding. <i>Hunter Gatherer Research</i> 4(3). 369–390. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2018.23">https://doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2018.23</a>.</li><li>——— 2019. Restrictions on the Usage of Spatial Frames of Reference in Location and Orientation Descriptions: Evidence from Three Australian Languages. <i>Australian Journal of Linguistics</i> 39(1). 1–31. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2019.1542927">https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2019.1542927</a>.</li><li>——— 2023. Direction and location. In Claire Bowern (ed.), <i>The Oxford Guide to Australian Languages</i>, 513–519. 1st edn. Oxford University PressOxford. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824978.003.0042">https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824978.003.0042</a>.</li><li>Palmer, Bill, Dorothea Hoffmann, Joe Blythe, Alice Gaby, Bill Pascoe & Maïa Ponsonnet. 2022. Frames of spatial reference in five Australian languages. <i>Spatial Cognition & Computation</i> 22(3–4). 225–263. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1929239">https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1929239</a>.</li></ul><div><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3828%2Fhgr.2018.23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Talking%20about%20motion%20in%20Aboriginal%20Australia%3A%20How%20linguistic%20structure%20and%20culture%20influence%20motion%20event%20encoding&rft.jtitle=Hunter%20Gatherer%20Research&rft.stitle=Hunter%20Gatherer%20Research&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.aufirst=Dorothea&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.au=Dorothea%20Hoffmann&rft.date=2018-07&rft.pages=369-390&rft.spage=369&rft.epage=390&rft.issn=2056-3256%2C%202056-3264&rft.language=en"></span>
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07268602.2019.1542927&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Restrictions%20on%20the%20Usage%20of%20Spatial%20Frames%20of%20Reference%20in%20Location%20and%20Orientation%20Descriptions%3A%20Evidence%20from%20Three%20Australian%20Languages&rft.jtitle=Australian%20Journal%20of%20Linguistics&rft.stitle=Australian%20Journal%20of%20Linguistics&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.aufirst=Dorothea&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.au=Dorothea%20Hoffmann&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft.pages=1-31&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=31&rft.issn=0726-8602%2C%201469-2996&rft.language=en"></span>
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A978-0-19-882497-8%20978-0-19-186361-5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Direction%20and%20location&rft.publisher=Oxford%20University%20PressOxford&rft.edition=1&rft.aufirst=Dorothea&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.au=Claire%20Bowern&rft.au=Dorothea%20Hoffmann&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft.pages=513-519&rft.spage=513&rft.epage=519&rft.isbn=978-0-19-882497-8%20978-0-19-186361-5&rft.language=en"></span>
</div></div><br class="gmail-Apple-interchange-newline"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">><font size="4" color="#674ea7"> <span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I would also appreciate information on <b>other languages</b> as well.</span></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">You may also be interested in <b>Austronesian</b> (notably <b>Oceanic</b>) languages, as they too use an absolute frame of reference for encoding spatial directions:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<div class="gmail-csl-entry"><ul><li>Cablitz, Gabriele H. 2006. <i>Marquesan: A grammar of space</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</li><li>François, Alexandre. 2003. Of men, hills and winds: Space directionals in Mwotlap. <i>Oceanic Linguistics</i> 42(2). 407–437. [<a href="https://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_articles_e.htm#2003">link</a>]</li><li>——— 2004. Reconstructing the geocentric system of Proto Oceanic. <i>Oceanic Linguistics</i> 43(1). 1–31. [<a href="https://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_articles_e.htm#2004c">link</a>]</li><li>——— 2015. The ins and outs of up and down: Disentangling the nine geocentric space systems of Torres and Banks languages. In <i>The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity</i>, ed. by A. François, S. Lacrampe, M. Franjieh & S. Schnell. Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia, 5. Canberra: Asia Pacific Linguistics Open Access. 137-195. [<a href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_articles_e.htm#2015b">link</a>]<br> </li><li>Hyslop, Catriona. 2002. Hiding behind trees on Ambae: Spatial reference in an Oceanic language of Vanuatu. In Giovanni Bennardo (ed.), <i>Representing space in Oceania: Culture in language in mind</i> (Pacific Linguistics), vol. 523, 47–76. Canberra: Australian National University.</li><li>Ozanne-Rivierre, Françoise. 1997. Spatial references in New Caledonian languages. In Gunter Senft (ed.), <i>Referring to space. Studies in Austronesian and Papuan languages</i>, 84–100. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li><li>——— 1999. Spatial Orientation in some Austronesian Languages. In Catherine Fuchs & Stéphane Robert (eds.), <i>Language Diversity and Cognitive Representations</i>, 73–84. Amsterdam/Philadephia: John Benjamins.<br></li><li>Palmer, Bill. 2002. Absolute spatial reference and the grammaticalisation of perceptually salient phenomena. In Giovanni Bennardo (ed.), <i>Representing space in Oceania: Culture in language in mind</i> (Pacific Linguistics), vol. 523, 107–157. Canberra: Australian National University.</li><li>——— 2007. Pointing at the lagoon: Directional terms in Oceanic atoll-based languages. In John Lynch, Jeff Siegel & Diana Eades (eds.), <i>Language Description, History and Development: Linguistic Indulgence in Memory of Terry Crowley</i> (Creole Language Library), 101–118. New York: John Benjamins.<br></li><li>Palmer, Bill, Jonathon Lum, Jonathan Schlossberg & Alice Gaby. 2017. How does the environment shape spatial language? Evidence for sociotopography. <i>Linguistic Typology</i> 21(3). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2017-0011">https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2017-0011</a>.</li><li>Senft, Gunter (ed.). 1997. <i>Referring to space: Studies in Austronesian and Papuan languages</i> (Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics). Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br></li></ul></div></div><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3623245&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Of%20men%2C%20hills%20and%20winds%3A%20Space%20directionals%20in%20Mwotlap&rft.jtitle=Oceanic%20Linguistics&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Alexandre%20Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=407-437&rft.spage=407&rft.epage=437&rft.issn=0029-8115&rft.language=en"></span>
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fol.2004.0009&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reconstructing%20the%20geocentric%20system%20of%20Proto%20Oceanic&rft.jtitle=Oceanic%20Linguistics&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft.aulast=Francois&rft.au=Alexandre%20Francois&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=1-31&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=31&rft.issn=1527-9421&rft.language=en"></span>
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3Afichier&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Absolute%20spatial%20reference%20and%20the%20grammaticalisation%20of%20perceptually%20salient%20phenomena&rft.place=Canberra&rft.publisher=Australian%20National%20University&rft.series=Pacific%20Linguistics&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.au=Bill%20Palmer&rft.au=Giovanni%20Bennardo&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=107-157&rft.spage=107&rft.epage=157&rft.isbn=fichier"></span>
</div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="direction:ltr;font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="direction:ltr;font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Austronesian languages have words for '<b>left</b>' and '<b>right</b>' in their lexicons, but these words are normally used only as body part terms: they are never used as a strategy to encode spatial directions. What I wrote below (<a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2015_North-Vanuatu-space-directionals.pdf#page=3">François 2015:139</a>) about North Vanuatu languages could mostly be said of Oceanic languages more generally:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="direction:ltr;font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="text-align:center;font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><img src="cid:ii_m25ztym71" alt="image.png" width="515" height="373"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">The Oceanic system of directionals (cf. François 2004) is not based on the path of the sun, but on the topography (inland vs. seawards) combined with the direction of prevailing winds (upwind vs. downwind).</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">best,</div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><font size="2" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Alex</font><hr style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:13.33px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" width="70" size="1" noshade align="left"><p style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(69,129,142)">Alex François</span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></span></font></p><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="text-decoration:none" href="http://www.lattice.cnrs.fr/en/alexandre-francois/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">LaTTiCe</a> — <a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.cnrs.fr/en" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CNRS–</a></span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.ens.fr/laboratoire/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-et-cognition-umr-8094" rel="noopener" target="_blank">ENS</a></span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none">–</span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.psl.eu/en" rel="noopener" target="_blank">PSL</a></span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none">–</span></font></span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://www.univ-paris3.fr/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-cognition-umr-8094-3458.kjsp" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Sorbonne nouvelle</a><br></span><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/francois-a" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Australian National University</a></font><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><br></span></font></span></font></span><div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Personal homepage</a><br></span></font></span></div><div><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___</font><br><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span></div></div></div></div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <strong class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">TasakuTsunoda via Lingtyp</strong> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>></span><br>Date: Sat, 12 Oct 2024 at 06:20<br>Subject: [Lingtyp] Words for 'left' and 'right' in Australian languages<br>To: LINGTYP LINGTYP <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>, TasakuTsunoda <<a href="mailto:tasakutsunoda@nifty.com">tasakutsunoda@nifty.com</a>><br></div><br><font size="4"><br></font><div lang="JA" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style=""> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> 2024/10/12</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Dear Colleagues,<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"> Re: Words for ‘left’ and ‘right’ in Australian languages<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">1. Would you please help me? I wish to seek information on Australian languages. I would also appreciate information on other languages as well.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"> I am making this request on behalf of a friend of mine who is a psychologist (not a linguist).<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">2. In the Australian languages I worked on, e.g. Djaru (or Jaru) of northwest Australia (Tsunoda 1981) and Warrongo of northeast Australia (Tsunoda 2011), I have not found any word for ‘left’ or any word for ‘right’.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"> In these languages, expressions that will correspond to the English sentences below will be possible.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">(1) Person A sat in front of Person B.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">(2) Person A sat behind Person B.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">(3) Person A sat north of Person B.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">(4) Person A sat east of Person B.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">(5) Person A sat south of Person B.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">(6) Person A sat west of Person B. <u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">3. Are there any published works that point out the absence of the words for ‘left’ and ‘right’ in Australian languages?<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"> If you have PDFs of such works, would you be able to send them to me?<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">4. I suppose some of the list members will be likely to recommend works by Stephen Levinson. I would like to know which works by him are the most directly relevant to my request.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">5. Again, I wish to seek information on Australian languages. I would also appreciate information on other languages as well.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Best wishes and thanking you in advance,<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Tasaku Tsunoda<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Tsunoda, Tasaku. 1981. <i>The Djaru language of Kimberley, Western Australia</i>. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Australian National University.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> <u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4">Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2011. <i>A grammar of Warrongo</i>. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter Mouton.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><font size="4"><u></u> </font><span style="font-size:18pt"><u></u></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div>
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