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Groen ---- zoals als een tijdje.</div>
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Johan</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>Van:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> namens William Bernard McGregor via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Verzonden:</b> vrijdag 11 oktober 2024 11:02<br>
<b>Aan:</b> LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org <LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Onderwerp:</b> [Lingtyp] SLE2025: Workshop on mistaken beliefs</font>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dear Colleagues,</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">We are organizing a workshop on mistaken beliefs for the SLE2025 conference. Below is a description of the proposed workshop.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Best wishes, Caroline Gentens, Bill McGregor, and Stef Spronck</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Workshop on Mistaken beliefs</span></b><span lang="en-DK"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Caroline Gentens (Leuven), William B. McGregor (Aarhus) & Stef Spronck (Utrecht & Helsinki)<b> </b></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">We invite submission of abstracts up to 300 words (references not included) for the following workshop. Please send your abstracts in Word and PDF format to the workshop organisers (<a href="mailto:caroline.gentens@kuleuven.be">caroline.gentens@kuleuven.be</a>,
<a href="mailto:linwmg@cc.au.dk">linwmg@cc.au.dk</a>, <a href="mailto:stef.spronck@helsinki.fi">
stef.spronck@helsinki.fi</a>) by <b>13 November, 2024</b>.</span><span lang="DA"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">The workshop is proposed for SLE2025:</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Date: 26 August 2025 to 29 August 2025</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Location: Bordeaux, France</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Web Site: <a href="https://societaslinguistica.eu/sle2025/workshop-proposals/" originalsrc="https://societaslinguistica.eu/sle2025/workshop-proposals/" shash="vN7rTOwvrh1HtTq7RAgIAF3Plq7OyC2OkaqkB9Tp+jSJs47NEmqTzeAjflB0UvuRJsHsphCm15qdaVQpWPUy+K/sQJIeJLQZ3ESeVdkqvWf86GbJrtS3NxBHEYl3gOHXc8NxT3uQAOfboGdaFKxcJUr2dzpNWtro9utdThgFYVE=">
https://societaslinguistica.eu/sle2025/workshop-proposals/</a><u></u></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">If the workshop is accepted (notification of acceptance will follow around 15 December), authors will be invited to submit a 500-word abstract before 15 January 2025, which will be reviewed by the SLE scientific committee.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Keywords</span></b><span lang="en-DK"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">mistaken beliefs; semantics; pragmatics; typology; grammatical analysis</span><span lang="en-DK"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Description</span></b><span lang="en-DK"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">The primary aim of this workshop is to explore the range of ways in which the fact that a belief is mistaken 每
</span><span lang="en-DK">as in e.g. <i>the boy mistakenly believes that the turtle is dead</i>
</span><span lang="EN-GB">每 can be expressed and/or coded in a language and cross-linguistically. These modes of expression are interesting because (among other things)
</span><span lang="en-DK">they simultaneously provide a dual modal perspective on a proposition: they represent it as someone＊s belief whilst simultaneously asserting its falsity.
</span><span lang="EN-GB">They are, however, almost invisible in the general and theoretical linguistic literature, though they have been extensively described 每 albeit usually in a very coarse-grained fashion 每 in Amazonian and Australian descriptive traditions.
Grammars of many languages of these regions contain discussion of the means of expressing mistaken beliefs (see Spronck and Vuillermet 2019 and McGregor 2024
</span><span lang="EN-GB">{McGregor, 2024 #12467}</span><span lang="EN-GB">for references). In a number of languages from these areas there is a grammaticalized means of expression of mistaken belief by means of an enclitic (more rarely, suffix) or particle,
as shown by the following examples:</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Mparntwe Arrernte (Pama-Nyungan, Australia)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><a name="x__Ref46559459"><i><span lang="EN-GB">arlenge-nge aherre-<b>kathene</b> ayenge itirre-ke</span></i></a><i><span lang="EN-GB"> arleye-rle</span></i></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">far-ABL kangaroo-<b>MB</b> 1SG:NOM think-PC emu-FOC</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">＆Hey! From afar I thought it was a kangaroo, but it turns out that it＊s an emu.＊ (Wilkins 1989</span><span lang="EN-AU">{Wilkins, 1989 #757}</span><span lang="EN-AU">: 421)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">Ese Ejja (Pano-Takanan, Bolivia/Peru)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-AU">Anowii wowi-ani, y owaya a-ka-ani ekwikia=<b>poso</b></span></i></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">bird.sp whistle-PRS and 3ERG do-3A-PRS devil=<b>MB</b></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">＆The little bird whistles, and they think (wrongly) it is the devil.＊ (</span><span lang="en-DK">Vuillermet 2018</span><span lang="EN-AU">)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Also quite widely attested is expression by means of a complement construction involving a verb of speech or thought or a specific verb of mistaken thought, possibly along with the mistaken belief enclitic or particle,
as shown by example </span><span lang="EN-GB">(3)</span><span lang="EN-GB">. There are a range of other modes of expression that are variants on these two major themes.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Djambarrpuyngu (Pama-Nyungan, Australia)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><a name="x__Ref97021030"><i><span lang="en-DK">ga nganapurr-nydja nguli
<b>birrka＊yu</b>-n </span></i></a><b><i><span lang="en-DK">yanbi</span></i></b><i><span lang="en-DK"> nguli m芋rr
</span></i><i><span lang="DA"> </span><span lang="en-DK">galki,</span></i></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">and 1PL-PROM HAB
<b>think</b>-1 <b>MB</b> HAB somewhat near</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-AU">w芋nga yan barrku warray</span></i></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">place EMP far in:fact</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">＆We thought wrongly that the place was quite close but it was far off.＊ (Wilkinson 1991: 686)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Expression </span><span lang="EN-GB">by a complement construction seems to be the predominant one in languages of Asia, based on a very small sample of languages in McGregor (2022)</span><span lang="EN-GB">{McGregor,
2022 #12463}</span><span lang="EN-GB">, and Europe. For instance, Mandarin Chinese (Sinitic, China) employs a complement construction with matrix verb<i>
</i></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family:DengXian">眕峈</span><span lang="ZH-CN">
</span><i><span lang="EN-GB">y</span></i><i><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family:DengXian">走</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB">w谷i</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> ＆think mistakenly＊. The situation in Africa, northern America and sign languages seems largely unchartered.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Not all languages, it seems, have a means of explicitly marking a belief as mistaken. For instance, in Reta (Alor-Pantar, Indonesia) employs the generic verb
<i>boo</i> (<i>hula</i>) ＆say, think, want＊, which is used in ordinary reported speech and thought constructions (Willemsen 2021</span><span lang="EN-GB">{Willemsen, 2021 #12221}</span><span lang="EN-GB">: 183); the mistaken belief interpretation can emerge
as a pragmatic implicature. Moreover, in many (all?) languages with means of explicitly marking mistaken beliefs an ordinary thought complement can implicate that the thought or belief is mistaken: e.g. in English, where one might say
<i>the boy believes that the turtle is dead (though it is really alive)</i>. This raises the question of how the two modes of expression contrast.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">As indicated above, few treatments of mistaken belief expressions in particular languages discuss the expressions in depth. The Amazonian and Australian descriptions are typically silent on the grammatical analysis
of the expressions, on the question of how the mistaken belief expressions are best parsed and on their status as distinct constructions, though both Spronck and Vuillermet (2019) and McGregor (2024) make some suggestions. There are also rather few discussions
of the motivations and/or discourse uses of mistaken belief expressions 每 when and why someone might wish to specify a proposition as a mistaken belief. An exception is Wilkins (1989: 409) who documents use of the mistaken belief construction in Mparntwe Arrernte
in criticisms and complaints, as illustrated in </span><span lang="EN-GB">(4)</span><span lang="EN-GB">. What other discourse uses might mistaken belief expressions have in a language?</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="DA">Mparntwe Arrernte</span><span lang="en-DK"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><a name="x__Ref41890107"></a><a name="x__Ref97559699"><span style=""><i><span lang="DA">tyew-atye-<b>kathene</b> ayenge
<b>itirre</b>-ke</span></i></span></a><i><span lang="DA"></span></i></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">friend-1SG.POS-<b>MB</b> 1SG.NOM
<b>think</b>-PC</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">＆I thought you were my friend.＊ (But you can＊t be since a friend would give me money.)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Diachronic issues are also of great interest, including how mistaken belief constructions (in languages that have distinct constructions) may have grammaticalised. For instance, there is evidence that in some languages
the expression may have arisen from a factive <i>know</i>-construction (e.g. Australian languages Nyulnyul and Yidiny), and in some languages from an expression of likeness or similarity.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Relevant questions that could be addressed in contributions to this workshop include (but are not limited to) the following:</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang="en-DK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="en-DK">What modes of expression are available in a particular language for the expression of mistaken beliefs? If there are several, how do they differ in meaning and/or use?</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang="en-DK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">In languages with a specific construction type encoding mistaken belief, what grammatical structures are involved in the construction type(s)?</span><span lang="en-DK"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang="en-DK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">What meanings are associated with expressions of mistaken beliefs in the target language? Are there instances in which the mistaken belief meaning seems not to be present: for example, can the proposition expressed actually
be true (in the speaker's opinion)? If so, how can these exceptions be accounted for?</span><span lang="en-DK"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang="en-DK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">What parameters are relevant to the typology of mistaken belief expressions in the languages of a particular family or geographical region?</span><span lang="en-DK"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang="en-DK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">5.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">How might expressions and/or constructions of mistaken belief have arisen? Is there evidence of how they might have grammaticalised?</span><span lang="en-DK"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang="en-DK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">6.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="en-DK">How can formal and/or functional models of modality account for the existence of expressions of mistaken beliefs?</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang="en-DK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">7.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="en-DK">How are expressions of mistaken belief processed by language users and how are they learnt by children? Does the presence of a grammatical mode of expressing mistaken belief in a language confer an advantage to children
in solving false belief tasks (as might be expected from Matsui <i>et al</i>. 2009)?</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB">References</span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Matsui, Tomoko, Hannes Rakoczy, Yui Miura, and Michael Tomasello (2009). Understanding of speaker certainty and false-belief reasoning: a comparison of Japanese and German preschoolers.
<i>Developmental Science</i> 12(4). 602每613.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">McGregor, William B. 2022. Expressions of mistaken belief: a functional and typological approach. Presented at
<i>XXXV豕mes Journ谷es de Linguistique d＊Asie Orientale</i>. Paris, 9th July 2022.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">McGregor, William B. 2024. On the expression of mistaken beliefs in Australian languages.
<i>Linguistic Typology</i> 28(1). 101每145.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Spronck, Stef and Marine Vuillermet. 2019. Mistaken-belief constructions across two continents. Presented at
<i>ALT2019 每 13th Conference of the Association for Linguistic Typology</i>. Pavia.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Vuillermet, Marine. 2018. Documentation of the Ese Ejja language of the Amazonian region of Bolivia. London: SOAS, Endangered Languages Archive. https://elar.soas.ac.uk/Collection/MPI1029726</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Wilkins, David P. 1989. Mparntwe Arrernte (Aranda): studies in the structure and semantics of grammar. PhD thesis, Australian National University.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Wilkinson, Melanie. 1991. Djambarrpuyngu: a Yolngu variety of northern Australia. PhD thesis, University of Sydney.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK">Willemsen, Jeroen. 2021. A grammar of Reta. PhD thesis, Aarhus University.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="">************************************************</span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="">Prof. William McGregor, FAHA, M.A.E.</span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="">Linguistics, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, School of Communication and Culture,</span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="en-DK" style="">Aarhus University,</span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="en-DK" style="">Jens Chr. Skous Vej 2, Office 1485-617,</span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="en-DK" style="">DK-8000 Aarhus C,</span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="en-DK" style="">Denmark</span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="">Ph. 45 8716 2153</span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="">e:mail:
<a href="mailto:linwmg@cc.au.dk"><span style="color:blue">linwmg@cc.au.dk</span></a></span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style=""><a href="http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/linwmg@hum.au.dk" originalsrc="http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/linwmg@hum.au.dk" shash="pSYXUE13+X3px2IXdyhyDtuj8QC6w1vIctP82OjANg0ZYMy4n5vIQIshfnwERQYGYYD+JgomlLzG5U2KVeTd9s2lmY3OlO8TRyFrBsXLXmoO4Kt8cS4CdlgNtIw53B2vENIcb6EtdGvG+jgHK6FB6QmA2mYTGy+x5reDJikbeGs="><span lang="en-DK" style="color:blue">http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/linwmg@hum.au.dk</span></a></span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="">************************************************</span><span lang="en-DK" style=""></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="en-DK"> </span></p>
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