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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=JA link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'> 2024/10/13</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>Professor Alex François<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>Dear Professor François,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>Thank you so much for all this invaluable information. I am really grateful.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'> I will forward your information to the psychologist friend of mine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>As a gesture of my appreciation of your kind help, I am attaching a PDF of a recent paper of mine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2023. Grammar (morphosyntax) and discourse.<i> Studies in Language </i>Vol. 47, No. 4: 830–869.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>Again, thank you for your help. I am really grateful<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>Tasaku Tsunoda<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"lr oSVbN",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"lr oSVbN",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>送信元</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Alex Francois <alex.francois.cnrs@gmail.com><br></span><b><span style='color:black'>日付</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>2024</span><span style='color:black'>年</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>10</span><span style='color:black'>月</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>12</span><span style='color:black'>日</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'>土曜日</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> 19:15<br></span><b><span style='color:black'>宛先</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>TasakuTsunoda <tasakutsunoda@nifty.com><br><b>Cc: </b>LINGTYP LINGTYP <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br></span><b><span style='color:black'>件名</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Re: [Lingtyp] Words for 'left' and 'right' in Australian languages<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Dear Prof. Tsunoda,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Thanks for your query. Here are a few references I would recommend for Australian languages.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Relevant work by <b>Stephen Levinson</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='margin-left:24.0pt'><div><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Levinson, Stephen. 1992. Language and cognition: the cognitive consequences of spatial description in Guugu Yimithirr. In <i>Working paper no. 13</i>. Cognitive Anthropology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>——— 1996. Frames of reference and Molyneux’s question: Crosslinguistic evidence. In Paul Bloom, Mary Peterson, Lynn Nadel & Merrill Garrett (eds.), <i>Language and space</i>, 109–170. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>——— 2003. <i>Space in Language and Cognition: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity</i> (Language, Culture and Cognition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613609">https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613609</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Levinson, Stephen C. & David Wilkins. 2006. The background to the study of the language of space. In Stephen C. Levinson & David P. Wilkins (eds.), <i>Grammars of Space</i>, 1–23. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486753.002">https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486753.002</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>see also (on another language family):<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='margin-left:24.0pt'><div><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Brown, Penelope & Stephen Levinson. 1992. ‘Left’ and ‘right’ in Tenejapa: investigating a linguistic and conceptual gap. <i>Zeitschrift für Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung</i> 45. 590–611.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Other publications on <b>Australian languages</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Haviland, John B. 1993. Anchoring, iconicity and orientation in Guugu Yimithirr pointing gestures. <i>Journal of Linguistic Anthropology</i> 3(1). 3–45. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1993.3.1.3">https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1993.3.1.3</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Hoffmann, Dorothea. 2011. Descriptions of Motion and Travel in Jaminjung and Kriol. [Doctoral Thesis, The University of<br>Manchester]. University of Manchester. 332pp. [<a href="https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/33527759/FULL_TEXT.PDF">link</a>]<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>——— 2018. Talking about motion in Aboriginal Australia: How linguistic structure and culture influence motion event encoding. <i>Hunter Gatherer Research</i> 4(3). 369–390. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2018.23">https://doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2018.23</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>——— 2019. Restrictions on the Usage of Spatial Frames of Reference in Location and Orientation Descriptions: Evidence from Three Australian Languages. <i>Australian Journal of Linguistics</i> 39(1). 1–31. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2019.1542927">https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2019.1542927</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>——— 2023. Direction and location. In Claire Bowern (ed.), <i>The Oxford Guide to Australian Languages</i>, 513–519. 1st edn. Oxford University PressOxford. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824978.003.0042">https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824978.003.0042</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Palmer, Bill, Dorothea Hoffmann, Joe Blythe, Alice Gaby, Bill Pascoe & Maïa Ponsonnet. 2022. Frames of spatial reference in five Australian languages. <i>Spatial Cognition & Computation</i> 22(3–4). 225–263. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1929239">https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1929239</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#674EA7'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#674EA7'>I would also appreciate information on <b>other languages</b> as well.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>You may also be interested in <b>Austronesian</b> (notably <b>Oceanic</b>) languages, as they too use an absolute frame of reference for encoding spatial directions:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='margin-left:24.0pt'><div><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Cablitz, Gabriele H. 2006. <i>Marquesan: A grammar of space</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>François, Alexandre. 2003. Of men, hills and winds: Space directionals in Mwotlap. <i>Oceanic Linguistics</i> 42(2). 407–437. [<a href="https://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_articles_e.htm#2003">link</a>]<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>——— 2004. Reconstructing the geocentric system of Proto Oceanic. <i>Oceanic Linguistics</i> 43(1). 1–31. [<a href="https://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_articles_e.htm#2004c">link</a>]<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>——— 2015. The ins and outs of up and down: Disentangling the nine geocentric space systems of Torres and Banks languages. In <i>The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity</i>, ed. by A. François, S. Lacrampe, M. Franjieh & S. Schnell. Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia, 5. Canberra: Asia Pacific Linguistics Open Access. 137-195. [<a href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_articles_e.htm#2015b">link</a>]<br> <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Hyslop, Catriona. 2002. Hiding behind trees on Ambae: Spatial reference in an Oceanic language of Vanuatu. In Giovanni Bennardo (ed.), <i>Representing space in Oceania: Culture in language in mind</i> (Pacific Linguistics), vol. 523, 47–76. Canberra: Australian National University.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Ozanne-Rivierre, Françoise. 1997. Spatial references in New Caledonian languages. In Gunter Senft (ed.), <i>Referring to space. Studies in Austronesian and Papuan languages</i>, 84–100. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>——— 1999. Spatial Orientation in some Austronesian Languages. In Catherine Fuchs & Stéphane Robert (eds.), <i>Language Diversity and Cognitive Representations</i>, 73–84. Amsterdam/Philadephia: John Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Palmer, Bill. 2002. Absolute spatial reference and the grammaticalisation of perceptually salient phenomena. In Giovanni Bennardo (ed.), <i>Representing space in Oceania: Culture in language in mind</i> (Pacific Linguistics), vol. 523, 107–157. Canberra: Australian National University.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>——— 2007. Pointing at the lagoon: Directional terms in Oceanic atoll-based languages. In John Lynch, Jeff Siegel & Diana Eades (eds.), <i>Language Description, History and Development: Linguistic Indulgence in Memory of Terry Crowley</i> (Creole Language Library), 101–118. New York: John Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Palmer, Bill, Jonathon Lum, Jonathan Schlossberg & Alice Gaby. 2017. How does the environment shape spatial language? Evidence for sociotopography. <i>Linguistic Typology</i> 21(3). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2017-0011">https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2017-0011</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Senft, Gunter (ed.). 1997. <i>Referring to space: Studies in Austronesian and Papuan languages</i> (Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics). Oxford: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Austronesian languages have words for '<b>left</b>' and '<b>right</b>' in their lexicons, but these words are normally used only as body part terms: they are never used as a strategy to encode spatial directions. What I wrote below (<a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2015_North-Vanuatu-space-directionals.pdf#page=3">François 2015:139</a>) about North Vanuatu languages could mostly be said of Oceanic languages more generally:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><img border=0 width=515 height=373 style='width:5.3645in;height:3.8854in' id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image001.png@01DB1D46.253FDC60"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>The Oceanic system of directionals (cf. François 2004) is not based on the path of the sun, but on the topography (inland vs. seawards) combined with the direction of prevailing winds (upwind vs. downwind).<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>best,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Alex</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><hr size=1 width=70 style='width:52.5pt' noshade style='color:black' align=left></span></div><p><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#45818E'>Alex François</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><a href="http://www.lattice.cnrs.fr/en/alexandre-francois/" target="_blank"><span style='text-decoration:none'>LaTTiCe</span></a> — <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/en" target="_blank" title=ENS><span style='color:#3366CC;text-decoration:none'>CNRS–</span></a><a href="https://www.ens.fr/laboratoire/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-et-cognition-umr-8094" target="_blank" title=ENS><span style='color:#3366CC;text-decoration:none'>ENS</span></a>–<a href="https://www.psl.eu/en" target="_blank" title=ENS><span style='color:#3366CC;text-decoration:none'>PSL</span></a>–<a href="http://www.univ-paris3.fr/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-cognition-umr-8094-3458.kjsp" target="_blank" title=ENS><span style='color:#3366CC;text-decoration:none'>Sorbonne nouvelle</span></a><br><a href="https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/francois-a" target="_blank"><span style='color:#3366CC;text-decoration:none'>Australian National University</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><a href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/" target="_blank"><span style='color:#3366CC;text-decoration:none'>Personal homepage</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:7.5pt'>_________________________________________</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <strong><span style='font-family:"ＭＳ Ｐゴシック",sans-serif'>TasakuTsunoda via Lingtyp</span></strong> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>Date: Sat, 12 Oct 2024 at 06:20<br>Subject: [Lingtyp] Words for 'left' and 'right' in Australian languages<br>To: LINGTYP LINGTYP <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>, TasakuTsunoda <<a href="mailto:tasakutsunoda@nifty.com">tasakutsunoda@nifty.com</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> 2024/10/12</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Dear Colleagues,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> Re: Words for ‘left’ and ‘right’ in Australian languages</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>1. Would you please help me? I wish to seek information on Australian languages. I would also appreciate information on other languages as well.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> I am making this request on behalf of a friend of mine who is a psychologist (not a linguist).</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>2. In the Australian languages I worked on, e.g. Djaru (or Jaru) of northwest Australia (Tsunoda 1981) and Warrongo of northeast Australia (Tsunoda 2011), I have not found any word for ‘left’ or any word for ‘right’.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> In these languages, expressions that will correspond to the English sentences below will be possible.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(1) Person A sat in front of Person B.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(2) Person A sat behind Person B.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(3) Person A sat north of Person B.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(4) Person A sat east of Person B.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(5) Person A sat south of Person B.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(6) Person A sat west of Person B. </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>3. Are there any published works that point out the absence of the words for ‘left’ and ‘right’ in Australian languages?</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> If you have PDFs of such works, would you be able to send them to me?</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>4. I suppose some of the list members will be likely to recommend works by Stephen Levinson. I would like to know which works by him are the most directly relevant to my request.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>5. Again, I wish to seek information on Australian languages. I would also appreciate information on other languages as well.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Best wishes and thanking you in advance,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Tasaku Tsunoda</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Tsunoda, Tasaku. 1981. <i>The Djaru language of Kimberley, Western Australia</i>. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Australian National University.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2011. <i>A grammar of Warrongo</i>. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter Mouton.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>_______________________________________________<br>Lingtyp mailing list<br><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></body></html>