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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Dear all – This is presumably obvious to everybody, but the reason protein is lexicalized/lexified as ‘egg white’ in many languages is because one of the first proteins that chemists were able to isolate
(in the 18<sup>th</sup> century, I think) was albumin from egg whites, if I remember my high school chemistry class.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Semantically, this seems like an unremarkable example of metonymy to me. The other example Hartmut mentioned,
<i>Schlag+sahne</i> beat+cream ‘whipping cream’/‘whipped cream’, is trickier. The first question that comes to my mind is whether that’s polysemy at all, or rather underspecified. I’m leaning toward the latter view, because to me, the following is straightforwardly
anomalous:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(1)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">#Das ist keine Schlagsahne, das ist geschlagene Sahne.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">‘That’s not whipping cream, that’s whipped cream’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Note that the English translation is perfectly fine, but the German original is weird. This is the polysemy test Cruse (1985) calls the ‘maximization’ test. I call it the ‘discrete deniability’ test
in my forthcoming book on semantic research methods. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">In any event, I don’t think these are examples of enantiosemy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Best – Juergen<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" title="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0078D4">jb77@buffalo.edu</span></a></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><br>
Web: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/" title="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0563C1">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"> <br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Office hours Tu/Th 3:30-4:30pm in 642 Baldy or via Zoom (Meeting ID 585 520 2411; Passcode Hoorheh) </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><br>
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There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How The Light Gets In <br>
(Leonard Cohen) </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<b><span style="color:black">From: </span></b><span style="color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Edith A Moravcsik via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Date: </b>Monday, February 3, 2025 at 10:10<br>
<b>To: </b>Zygmunt Frajzyngier <zygmunt.frajzyngier@colorado.edu>, Maria Tamm <tamm@ling.su.se>, Hartmut Haberland <hartmut@ruc.dk><br>
<b>Cc: </b>lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Universal constraints on lexicalisation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">In Hungarian, too, the words for eggwhite and protein are the same. The word is<i> fehérje -
</i>literally 'its white'.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Edith Moravcsik<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
on behalf of Hartmut Haberland via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, February 2, 2025 3:11 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Zygmunt Frajzyngier <zygmunt.frajzyngier@colorado.edu>; Maria Tamm <tamm@ling.su.se><br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Universal constraints on lexicalisation</span> <o:p>
</o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Another curious colexification in most forms of Standard German is
<i>Eiweiß</i> meaning both protein and eggwhite. In some regional variants two distinct words exist,
<i>Eiweiß</i> for protein and <i>Weißei</i> for white of egg, possibly due to contact with Polish, Czech and possibly Yiddish which all make a similar distinction.<span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Fra:</span></b><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Hartmut Haberland <hartmut@ruc.dk>
<br>
<b>Sendt:</b> 2. februar 2025 09:31<br>
<b>Til:</b> Zygmunt Frajzyngier <zygmunt.frajzyngier@colorado.edu>; Maria Tamm <tamm@ling.su.se><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Östen Dahl <oesten@ling.su.se>; lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Emne:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Universal constraints on lexicalisation</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Some interesting colexifications:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Greek νύφη both sister- and daughter-in-law.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">German Schlagsahne both whipped cream and whipping cream (Danish flødeskum and piskefløde, resp.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">German Tante and English aunt are both father’s sister, mother’s sister, wife of father’s brother and wife of mother’s brother, where Danish has faster, moster and (for the last two, but occasionally
also loosely for all four) tante. German Tante can be used in at least two more, increasingly loose senses (female good friend of the parents, any unrelated female of the parents generation), but with some syntactic restrictions (*meine Tante).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">I am not sure if νύφη really is a colexification comparable to Schlagsahne, and not rather means ‘in-law of same or immediately younger generation’.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in">
<span lang="DA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in">
<span lang="DA">Den 1. feb. 2025 kl. 17.39 skrev Zygmunt Frajzyngier via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"></span><span lang="DA">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear all,</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt">In support of Östen’s note.</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt">In several Chadic languages the same lexical item denotes entities denoted by English ‘father’ and ‘mother’s brother’.
</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt">Zygmunt</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><span lang="DA" style="color:black">From: </span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:black">Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Östen Dahl via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Saturday, February 1, 2025 at 9:18 AM<br>
<b>To: </b><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Universal constraints on lexicalisation</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">[External email - use caution]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear all,</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt">With regard to the claim that 'father' and 'mother's brother' cannot be colexified, consider the following quotation from the Wikipedia article on "Matrilineality":</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt">"While a mother normally takes care of her own children in all cultures, in some matrilineal cultures an "uncle-father" will take care of his nieces and nephews instead:
in other words *social fathers* here are uncles."</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt">That is, fathers and maternal uncles are similar in that they can both play the role of "social fathers"; it is not unthinkable that a language spoken in a society on the
borderline between patrilineality and matrilineality will lexify the concept "social father". What this shows is that the criterion of cognitive complexity can lead you in the wrong direction. In fact, kinship terms sometimes unite relationships which are
tricky to give a common definition, such as "brother-in-law" in English.</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<![if !supportLists]><span lang="DA"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt">Östen</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Från:</span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
<b>För </b>Martin Haspelmath via Lingtyp<br>
<b>Skickat:</b> den 1 februari 2025 16:40<br>
<b>Till:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Ämne:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Universal constraints on lexicalisation</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Dear Masha and others,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">In addition to "cognitive complexity", one may also consider frequency of use as constraining lexification.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">For example, 'female wolf' is not more cognitively complex than 'female horse' (English
<i>mare</i>, contrasting with <i>stallion</i>), but gender/sex is less commonly mentioned in connection with wild animals than with domestic animals, so English does not dislexify 'male wolf' and 'female wolf'.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">In my 2023 <i>Frontiers</i> paper, I suggested that some important lexification tendencies can be explained with reference to root length possibilities: Roots are typically 1-2 syllables long, so when a meaning is
not frequent enough, it needs more syllables and hence multiple morphs:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-24.0pt"><span lang="DA">Haspelmath, Martin. 2023. Coexpression and synexpression patterns across languages: Comparative concepts and possible explanations.
<i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 14. (doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1236853">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1236853</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">(The paper also cites David Gil's 1992 paper.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Incidentally, it seems that "lexification" is clearer than "lexicalization", because the latter is used in multiple meanings (see my 2024 paper, §7:
<a href="https://www.peren-revues.fr/lexique/1737">https://www.peren-revues.fr/lexique/1737</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Martin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">On 01.02.25 12:40, David Gil via Lingtyp wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Hi Masha,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Some examples from the semantic domain of quantification can be found here:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Gil, David (1992) "Scopal Quantifiers: Some Universals of Lexical Effability", in M. Kefer and J. van der Auwera eds.,
<i>Meaning and Grammar, Cross-Linguistic Perspectives</i>, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, 303-345.</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">David<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family:Times"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">On Sat, Feb 1, 2025 at 5:29</span><span lang="DA" style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span><span lang="DA">PM Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Dear all, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">I am involved in a handbook chapter in which I would like to give a few examples of suggested universal constraints on lexicalisation, e.g., those primarily concerning meanings that should not be
expressible in a word (a stem, root or whatever), preferably not from the domain of colour terms. To give an example, Rappaport Hovav and Levin (2010) argue that no verb encodes both manner and result simultaneously, which has been contested by Beavers and
Koontz-Garbodens.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Or, a definition of a term covering both ‘father’ and ‘mother’s brother’ would be cognitively very complex since it will require disjunction (‘father’ or ‘mother’s brother’, cf. ‘male relative
of one’s patriline’ for ‘father’ and ‘father’s brother’) (Evans 2001) – I don’t know if this constraint still holds.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Many thanks and all the best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Masha<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA" style="color:black">Prof. Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm<br>
Dept. of linguistics, Stockholm university, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden<br>
Editor-in-chief of “Linguistic Typology”</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA" style="color:black">President-Elect of Societas Linguistic Europaea<br>
<a href="http://www.ling.su.se/tamm" target="_blank">www.ling.su.se/tamm</a><br>
<a href="mailto:tamm@ling.su.se" target="_blank">tamm@ling.su.se</a></span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"><br clear="all">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span class="xgmailsignatureprefix">-- </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">David Gil<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Senior Scientist (Associate)<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Email: <a href="mailto:dapiiiiit@gmail.com" target="_blank">dapiiiiit@gmail.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">-- <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Martin Haspelmath<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">Deutscher Platz 6<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA">D-04103 Leipzig<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="DA"><a href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/">https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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