<div dir="ltr"><br><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Hello Andrea, </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">A related phenomenon is found
in the extended uses of first and second person pronouns for drawing attention
to important information in discourse (e.g. in </span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Kɔnni</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">,
Dogrib, Homeric Greek, Goemai) and in ‘narrative imperatives’ (e.g. in Arabic,
North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic, Slavic and Balkan languages). In the attached paper
I describe this for Saliba-Logea, an Oceanic language of Papua New Guinea, and
also provide references for the languages mentioned above.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Regards, </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Anna</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Margetts, Anna. 2015.
Person shift at narrative peak. Language, Volume 91, Number 4, pp. 755-805</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoTitle" style="margin:12pt 0cm 3pt;text-align:center;line-height:18pt;font-size:16pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;font-weight:bold"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoBodyText" style="margin:0cm 0cm 12pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Narrators like to highlight important events
in their story. In some languages, they may shift to first or second person pronouns
to refer to third<sup> </sup>person referents in order to do so. Such pronoun shifts
show functional parallels with tense shifts like the historical present, as
both highlight events through shifts in deictic categories. Longacre (1983: 138-39) discusses the parallels between
person and tense shifts in his account of narrative peak, i.e. the formal
marking of important narrative events. Labov (1972) analyses similar strategies
as internal evaluations. </span>Person shifts <span lang="EN-US">constitute a
phenomenon of the discourse-syntax interface and present a clear case of
discourse structure influencing grammar. </span>Both person shifts themselves and their
motivation in narrative structure have been little investigated. <span lang="EN-US">The paper reviews person shifts in a number of languages reported in
the literature and analyses in detail the characteristics of this discourse
strategy in Saliba-Logea, an Oceanic language of Papua New Guinea. The study
contributes to the growing body of research on pronouns and person markers, and
of referring expressions more generally, by adding a new angle of investigation</span>. <span lang="EN-US">Previous studies tend to
focus on the morpho-syntactic choices of referring expressions and their
motivations, i.e. on the choices between lexical nouns, free vs. bound
pronouns, and so forth. The present study focuses on the paradigmatic choices
between different person forms within one and the same morpho-syntactic
expression type. </span>In doing so it offers a new perspective on pronoun choice and the
factors influencing it cross-linguistically. <span lang="EN-US">While some
types of person shift appear to be rare, overall, the strategy of person shift
at narrative peak seems to constitute a solid cross-linguistic phenomenon. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, 5 Feb 2025 at 06:00, Andrea Sansò via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Dear all,<br><br>My colleague and I are investigating an Italian term of address/vocative that appears to have recently developed new functions. The term in question, <i>raga</i>, is a shortened form of <i>ragazzi/e </i>(meaning "boys/girls" in the plural). While our analysis and interpretation of the data are still preliminary, we have observed that <i>raga </i>is no longer used exclusively in its original function as an attention-getter when addressing multiple interlocutors. Instead, it has acquired various functions in spoken language. Below is a preliminary list of these new functions:<br><br>- Expressing the speaker’s surprise (with both positive and negative nuances)<br>- Intensification/boosting<br>- Marking reported discourse<br><br>These new functions represent significant departures from the term's original, diachronically primary use. For instance, in some cases, <i>raga</i> is directed at a single hearer, contradicting its original plural reference. In others, the term occurs at the right periphery of an utterance, contrasting with its traditional use as a vocative or attention-getter, which is typically confined to the left periphery.<br><br>We are aware of several studies addressing the pragmatic evolution of terms of address in European languages. For example, in a contrastive study on <i>güey</i> in Mexican Spanish and <i>alter</i> in German, Kleinknecht and Sousa (2017: 257) argue that “terms of address have the potential to intensify the affectivity displayed by the speaker. In this capacity, they may be employed as linguistic strategies to enhance the expressive and illocutionary force of utterances.” Furthermore, these expressive uses can serve as the basis for more specific functions related to turn-taking and information management. In Mexican Spanish, for instance, <i>güey</i> can occur in the right periphery to emphasize the preceding segment, as illustrated in the following example (from Kleinknecht & Sousa 2017: 275):<div><br></div><div><img src="cid:ii_m6qugc860" alt="image.png" width="503" height="71"><br><br>While some of the functions we have identified for <i>raga </i>align with common uses of terms of address (e.g., intensification/boosting), others are perhaps less conventional. To situate our research within a typological framework, we would like to ask list members for examples of non-canonical uses of terms of address, particularly from non-European and non-LOL languages. We would especially appreciate examples involving terms with inherently plural reference, such as <i>raga</i>, as well as any references to relevant literature.<br><br>I will be happy to post a summary of the responses if needed. Thank you in advance for your help and insights.<br><br>Best regards,<br>Andrea Sansò</div></div>
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