<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi Scott and others,</div><div><br></div><div>Thank you for these pointers! What I have gleaned from the small selection of examples and by checking with a speaker is that it is more or less obligatory for all direct quotative speech. However, there are definitely inter-speaker differences in the amount of pitch shift (in one case this is definitely related to the speaker's breathing/health issues, but I think there is an excitedness correlation as well). What I am also seeing is that in strings of quotative speech, not all speakers remain in the high pitch after the first utterance, but if there are consecutive utterances of quotative speech from <i>different</i> quoted people, the pitch is in falsetto at the start of each utterance</div><div>In the attached praat picture (quot+nonquot2.png), you can see that the pitch is falling towards the end of the first quoted clause, and is reset for the second clause. </div><div>In the other attached praat picture you can see the high pitch at the start, which then drifts down to basically the speaker's regular pitch over the following clauses. However, I have definitely heard long stretches of falsetto-pitch utterances when in the field, which I sadly do not have any recordings of. </div><div>Also attaching the recordings fragments here (the speaker's name is Christina Laiurelgar).</div><div><br></div><div>I'd definitely be interested in working on this more, especially once I get a chance to make more recordings of the phenomenon.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Clemens</div><div><br></div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div>----</div>Clemens (Clé) Kūhaʻo Mayer<div><i>he/they; hij/hen; ʻo ia</i></div><div><i>University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Dept. of Linguistics</i></div><div>PhD Candidate</div><div>Austronesian Circle Organizer</div><div>Online Learning Coordinator</div><div><a href="http://cjmayer.github.io" target="_blank">cjmayer.github.io</a></div></div></div></div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Feb 7, 2025 at 5:35 AM AnderBois, Scott <<a href="mailto:scott_anderbois@brown.edu">scott_anderbois@brown.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi all,<div><br></div><div>Thanks for the pointer here, Kees!</div><div><br></div><div>This is definitely a topic where my colleagues and I need to do more research! From our work thus far, we have shown that it is indeed falsetto phonetically. Whether it's obligatory or not I guess is more of an analysis question to be resolved. Are there specific conditions under which it is obligatory? Or is it optional under a broader set of conditions? And if the latter, is there some other sort of prosodic event that is obligatory with falsetto as a particular way to meet that more general requirement?</div><div><br></div><div>Without a more detailed analysis of its function/conditions for use, it's hard to really say. It certainly is not the case in A'ingae that all direct quoted speech requires falsetto, as it sounds like you're describing for Woleaian, Clemens. So, that's a difference.</div><div><br></div><div>What does seem common between the two cases (and fairly unique to my knowledge) though are two key things:</div><div><br></div><div>1) that the meaning/function of falsetto is not iconic. My reading of the literature (e.g. as cited in the talk Kees linked) is that falsetto has been thought to always have an iconic function*. So, even in lgs when used in reported speech, like in English, it's iconically indexing something about the perceived qualities of the quoted speaker.</div><div><br></div><div>2) that that function relates to changes in perspective in some way. We have cases in our study that are direct quotes, but others that are not but where we think there's a case to be made that there is still a shift in narrative perspective in a broader sense. We definitely have more work to do to more rigorously show this though.</div><div><br></div><div>*Pat Keating subsequently told me last year about a few cases where extra high lexical tones are claimed to be realized with falsetto (e.g. Sect 4.2 of JJ Kuang's thesis has some references). This is obviously quite different but not iconic as well!</div><div><br></div><div>Another thing that I'm less clear on from your original message, Clemens, is how the specific syllables/words/phrases where falsetto occurs are constrained. For A'ingae, it's a single stressed syllable near a prosodic boundary we think. I'm sort of imagining from your description that it might similarly be more limited in duration like A'ingae and constrained to occur, say, at the beginning or end of the quoted speech, more like a boundary tone than, say, falsetto in English. So that could be another key parallel, presumably a related one.</div><div><br></div><div>Hope this helps! Happy to talk some time, Clemens, if it'd be helpful!</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Scott</div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Feb 6, 2025 at 12:45 PM Kees Hengeveld <<a href="mailto:P.C.Hengeveld@uva.nl" target="_blank">P.C.Hengeveld@uva.nl</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<div dir="ltr">Dear Clemens,</div>
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<div dir="ltr">The phenomenon is also present in A'ingae, a language isolate spoken in Colombia and Ecuador. A
<span id="m_7591667332135660453m_7829372280721709367ms-outlook-ios-cursor"></span>presentation by Sanker et al. describes the phenomenon. You can find it here: <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://research.clps.brown.edu/anderbois/Handouts/SSLA_SSLA3_Slides.pdf__;!!PvDODwlR4mBZyAb0!R_gnadC3qrNvU--8RhabP13T2C8rQP0Rmdw28r6MLvO6BYS-xg5imGZ_VccwUkRTzXNL3mP0yhZRvDufGD-P2Ijd35KtsZk$" target="_blank">https://research.clps.brown.edu/anderbois/Handouts/SSLA_SSLA3_Slides.pdf</a>.</div>
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<div dir="ltr">Best, Kees Hengeveld</div>
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<div id="m_7591667332135660453m_7829372280721709367divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><b>Van:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> namens Stef via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Verzonden:</b> donderdag, februari 6, 2025 4:10 PM<br>
<b>Aan:</b> Clemens Mayer <<a href="mailto:cjmayer@hawaii.edu" target="_blank">cjmayer@hawaii.edu</a>>; Clemens Mayer via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Onderwerp:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] High pitch in direct quotative speech
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<div>Hi Clemens, </div>
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<div>That sounds fascinating, would be very interested to see your examples!
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<div>It's, of course, quite common to have a pitch reset at the beginning of a quote, but for very few languages it has been claimed that these are obligatory (a lot of the time, even for languages where prosody plays a role in marking
reported speech, it has pragmatic functions), let alone that it involves a prosodic marking feature of the kind you describe.
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<div>Best, </div>
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<div>On 06/02/2025 15:49 CET Clemens Mayer via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:
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<div>Hi folks, </div>
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<div>I'm a PhD candidate at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, working with Woleaian (Oceanic-Micronesian). I've found a particular prosodical phenomenon wherein direct quotative speech is always paired with high falsetto pitch. This occurs regardless of speaker's
and quoted person's gender, and occurs across speech genres. </div>
<div>I was wondering whether any of you have seen this (type of) prosodic cue as part of quotative speech. Of course happy to provide more detailed data on request.
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<div>Thanks! </div>
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<div>- Clemens </div>
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<div>---- </div>
Clemens (Clé) Kūhaʻo Mayer
<div><em>he/they; hij/hen; ʻo ia</em> </div>
<div><em>University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Dept. of Linguistics</em> </div>
<div>PhD Candidate </div>
<div>Austronesian Circle Organizer </div>
<div>Online Learning Coordinator </div>
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<div><span style="font-family:terminal,monaco;font-size:10pt">Dr. Stef Spronck,</span>
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<div><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:terminal,monaco">Lecturer in Language & communication at Utrecht University,
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<div><span style="font-family:terminal,monaco;font-size:10pt">Research affiliate in Indigenous studies and General linguistics at the University of Helsinki,</span>
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</blockquote></div><div><br clear="all"></div><div><br></div><span class="gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr" style="color:rgb(136,136,136)"><div dir="ltr">----------------------------------------------</div><div dir="ltr">Scott AnderBois {he/him/his}</div><div dir="ltr">Director, Program in Linguistics</div><div dir="ltr">Associate Professor of Linguistics</div><div dir="ltr">Brown University<br></div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://linguistics.brown.edu/__;!!PvDODwlR4mBZyAb0!R_gnadC3qrNvU--8RhabP13T2C8rQP0Rmdw28r6MLvO6BYS-xg5imGZ_VccwUkRTzXNL3mP0yhZRvDufGD-P2IjdlB0atTQ$" style="color:rgb(17,85,204)" target="_blank">https://linguistics.brown.edu/</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">----------------------------------------------</div></div><div><font color="#888888"><br></font></div><div dir="ltr" style="color:rgb(136,136,136)"><br></div><div dir="ltr" style="color:rgb(136,136,136)"><br></div></div></div>
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