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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dear linguists,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I am looking for funny situations you encountered in the use and misuse of
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0cm" type="disc">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US">Evidentials<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US">Miratives<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US">Egophorics<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US">Epistemic modality<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US">Information structure<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The goal is to use these as illustrations in an online course about the broader field of epistemicity (the knowledge of speaker and addressee as expressed in the linguistically), so that participants in the course see
the relevance of these markers in an engaging way. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">To get us started, I share one from the SIL
<a href="https://www.sil.org/linguistics/stories-field">stories in the field</a>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:Lora;color:#2D2D2D">Roger Van Otterloo tells of the time he was discussing translation with his Kifuliiru friends (Democratic Republic of Congo) and he uttered the sentence “Don’t steal from widows!” They started chuckling, and soon
everyone was laughing uproariously. Roger was mystified and wondered if he’d used the wrong tone (Kifuliiru is a tonal language) or what. The Kifuliirus told him, no, the tone was fine, but what he said implied that they </span><em><span style="font-family:Lora;color:#2D2D2D">could</span></em><span style="font-family:Lora;color:#2D2D2D"> steal
from everyone </span><em><span style="font-family:Lora;color:#2D2D2D">besides</span></em><span style="font-family:Lora;color:#2D2D2D"> widows!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:Lora;color:#2D2D2D">Roger found out that day that the last word in Kifuliiru is the focus, the main point, of the entire sentence. So you need to say “Those widows, don’t steal-from-them.” The “from-them” is a suffix on the verb, so
the last word in the sentence is now “steal.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Lora;color:#2D2D2D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Looking forward to hearing your field-fun!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks very much,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Jenneke<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#151CD1;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Dr G.J. van der Wal</span></b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> | </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#08B4C0;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">she/her</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Senior Lecturer at the <a href="https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/humanities/leiden-university-centre-for-linguistics"><span style="color:black">Leiden
University Centre for Linguistics</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Office: Reuvensplaats</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">
<span lang="EN-US">4, room</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">1.25<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none"><a href="https://jennekevanderwal.com/" title="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjennekevanderwal.com%2F&data=05%7C01%7Cg.j.van.der.wal%40hum.leidenuniv.nl%7C98e00ee322d24eb43d5808dabbdfd3f4%7Cca2a7f76dbd74ec091086b3d524fb7c8%7C0%7C0%7C638028867307988190%7CUnknown%7CTWF"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://jennekevanderwal.com</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none">MapLE project:
<a href="https://epistemicity.net/"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://epistemicity.net</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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