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Dear colleagues, here is another terminological question.
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm">
The following definitions do not claim originality; cf. Martin
Haspelmath on <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dlc.hypotheses.org/1725">https://dlc.hypotheses.org/1725</a>.</p>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm">
A <b>clause</b> is a construction based on a predicate and
comprising
its dependents. A <b>simple clause</b> is a clause comprising one
predicate. A <b>complex clause</b> is a clause comprising more
than
one clauses.</p>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm">
Now assume a grammatical description organized by levels of
grammatical complexity. One level is the simple clause, the
(apparently) next higher level is the complex clause.
Grammaticalization teaches us that a complex clause may be
condensed
into a simple clause. The process gives rise to constructions
halfway
between a complex and a simple clause. Thus, there are
constructions
like the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm"> Constructions
based on a periphrastic verb form like the famous Vulgar Latin
<i>librum comparatum habeo</i>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm"> Causative
constructions like <i>She had me rewrite the text</i>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm"> Constructions
such as '[finite_clause] EXIST' in Cabecar (cf. my post of
03/09/24), where the EXISTENTIAL that may appear to be the
main predicate is in no way expandable.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm">
Such constructions involve more than one verb form, one of which
may,
but need not be non-finite. There is something like an inner
simple
clause and a component outside its boundaries.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm"> There are also
pseudo-cleft-sentences on their way towards simple clauses, as
in Brazilian Portuguese (from Lehmann 2024, ch. 7.1.8.1).</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm">
<br>
</p>
<table width="330" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<colgroup><col width="66"> <col width="42"> <col width="32"> <col
width="40"> <col width="38"> <col width="88"> </colgroup><tbody>
<tr>
<td width="66" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> Ele</p>
</td>
<td width="42" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> disse</p>
</td>
<td width="32" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> que</p>
</td>
<td width="40" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> vai</p>
</td>
<td width="38" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> para</p>
</td>
<td width="88" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> Piracicaba,</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="66" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">he</font></p>
</td>
<td width="42" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">said</font></p>
</td>
<td width="32" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">SR</font></p>
</td>
<td width="40" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">goes</font></p>
</td>
<td width="38" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">to</font></p>
</td>
<td width="88" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">Piracicaba</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6" width="326" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> He said he would go to
Piracicaba,</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table width="315" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<colgroup><col width="43"> <col width="38"> <col width="45"> <col
width="30"> <col width="38"> <col width="98"> </colgroup><tbody>
<tr>
<td width="43" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> mas</p>
</td>
<td width="38" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> ele</p>
</td>
<td width="45" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> vai</p>
</td>
<td width="30" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> é</p>
</td>
<td width="38" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> para</p>
</td>
<td width="98" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> Manhurimim.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="43" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">but</font></p>
</td>
<td width="38" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">he</font></p>
</td>
<td width="45" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">goes</font></p>
</td>
<td width="30" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">is</font></p>
</td>
<td width="38" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">to</font></p>
</td>
<td width="98" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <font size="2"
style="font-size: 11pt">Manhurimim</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" width="210" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> but he does go to
Manhurimim.</p>
</td>
<td width="98" style="border: none; padding: 0cm">
<p lang="en-US" class="western"> <br>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm"> And the
collection does not end with focus constructions which show
vestiges of being grammaticalized from cleft sentences.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm">
All of these share a simple clause combined with material which is
outside its proper boundaries but which does not attain the level
of
a complete clause.</p>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm">
I am not asking for definitions which will allow us to call each
and
every of the constructions mentioned a simple or a complex clause.
Nor do I wish to be taught that these traditional terms are not
cross-linguistically applicable and that each language has its own
levels of grammatical structure. If it is true that there are
constructions which are not readily classifiable as either simple
or
complex clauses, this by no means entails that there are no
(simple
and/or complex) clauses.</p>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm">
What I am asking for is a practical term that may be used in a
grammatical description which distinguishes simple and complex
clauses and needs a chapter heading to comprise constructions
which
exceed the boundaries of the simple clause without being complex
clauses. I would be grateful for a viable term (no matter whether
the
concept I propose is well-founded). I have in mind something like
'transgressive clause' or 'excessive clause' (both adjectives have
unwanted connotations) or 'cross-border' or 'transboundary clause'
(both adjectives appear to require an action noun as head).
Neither
does 'expanded clause' seem to be the term looked for; this seems
to
be well-established to designate a clause that comprises adjuncts,
thus still a simple clause.</p>
<p lang="en-US" class="western"
style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm">All ideas welcome!<br>
</p>
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<div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
<p style="font-size:90%">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></p>
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<td>Tel.:</td>
<td>+49/361/2113417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>E-Post:</td>
<td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:christianw_lehmann@arcor.de">christianw_lehmann@arcor.de</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Web:</td>
<td><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.christianlehmann.eu">https://www.christianlehmann.eu</a></td>
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