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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">This has been the standard doctrine in
      Indo-European and especially in Romance linguistics. For the
      development of Proto-Romance in oral communication with
      simultaneous persistence of the written language, the resolution
      of the oecumenic council of Tours (813) is standardly quoted
      (<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/sprachen/indogermania/RomGesch/Gemeinrom.html#Tours">https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/sprachen/indogermania/RomGesch/Gemeinrom.html#Tours</a>).<br>
      <br>
      For some evidence for the opposite source, viz. grammatical change
      originating in the written variety, see<br>
      Lehmann, Christian 1991, “Grammaticalization and related changes
      in contemporary German”. Traugott, Elizabeth C. & Heine, Bernd
      (eds.), <i>Approaches to grammaticalization</i>. Vol. II: Focus
      on types of grammatical markers. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J.
      Benjamins (Typological Studies in Language, 19:2); 2:493-535. <br>
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246338410_Grammaticalization_and_related_changes_in_contemporary_German">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246338410_Grammaticalization_and_related_changes_in_contemporary_German</a>
      ]<br>
      esp. section 2.3.<br>
      ----------------------------------------------------<br>
      <br>
      Am 09.04.25 um 15:44 schrieb Mira Ariel via Lingtyp:<br>
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cite="mid:AS2PR02MB101030A3F2A012E7C4538897FD0B42@AS2PR02MB10103.eurprd02.prod.outlook.com">
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        Dear colleagues,</div>
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        I have always assumed that language change typically occurs in
        spoken language, but can't recall references to this claim,
        which a colleague asked for. Can I get some help?</div>
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        Thanks,</div>
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        Mira Ariel</div>
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        <p>Mira Ariel</p>
        <p>Email: <a href="mailto:mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il"
            style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">
            mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il</a></p>
        <p>Website: <a href="https://www.tau.ac.il/~mariel/"
            style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">
            https://www.tau.ac.il/~mariel/</a></p>
        <p>Zoom: <a href="https://tau-ac-il.zoom.us/my/mira.ariel"
            style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"
            moz-do-not-send="true"> Mira Ariel’s zoom room</a></p>
        <p> </p>
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      <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">_______________________________________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated moz-txt-link-freetext"
      href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
</pre>
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    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
      <p style="font-size:90%">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
        Rudolfstr. 4<br>
        99092 Erfurt<br>
        <span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></p>
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                href="mailto:christianw_lehmann@arcor.de">christianw_lehmann@arcor.de</a></td>
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            <td>Web:</td>
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