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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: black;">Dear all,</span></p>
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I'm working on the typology of spatial markers with applicative uses, currently focusing on Associated Motion (AM) markers (Zúñiga & Creissels 2024; Guillaume & Koch 2021). I was wondering if anyone here has encountered markers similar to the ones below in
the languages they work on and would be willing to share data. </div>
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For now, I'm primary interested in three types of AM markers:</div>
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· AM markers that, in addition to denoting AM, allow expression of a motion participant, such as the goal 'to her father' in (1) from Bystraja Even.</div>
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(1) Bystraja Even (Tungusic; Pakendorf & Stoynova 2021: 857) </div>
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<i> nan ga-sči-</i><b><i>na</i></b><i>-ri-n </i>[<i><u>akan-taki-n</u></i>]<i> asatkam</i></div>
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and take-CONAT-<b>AM</b>-PST-3SG <u>father-ALL-POSS.3SG</u> girl.ACC</div>
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‘And he went <u>to her father</u> to ask for (lit. take) the girl (in marriage).’</div>
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· AM markers that can be used either with an AM or applicative function but not with both. An example is shown in (2) for the Paunaka marker
<i>-pu</i>: in (2a) it denotes AM 'coming', while in (2c) it licenses core encoding of the goal 'town', a participant which is otherwise treated as a non-core participant (cf. 'field' in (2b)).</div>
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(2) Paunaka (Arawakan; Terhart 2024: 394-395)</div>
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a. <i>nÿ-neku</i><b><i>pu</i></b><i>-bi</i>.</div>
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1SG-see.<b>coming</b>-2SG</div>
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‘I see you coming.’</div>
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b. <i>pero pi-yunu pi-sane-yae?</i></div>
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but 2SG-go 2SG-field-LOC</div>
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‘But did you go to your field?’</div>
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c. <i>kuina Jose ti-yunu-</i><b><i>pu</i></b> [<i><u>uneku</u></i>].</div>
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NEG José 3-go-<b>DLOC</b> <u>town</u></div>
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‘José isn’t here, he went <u>to town</u>.’</div>
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Here I'm particularly interested in cases where, in its applicative use, the marker introduces a non-spatial participant, as in (3c) from Nivaclé, where the AM marker
<i>-c’oya</i> (3a) introduces the standard of comparison 'me'.</div>
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(3) Nivaclé (Matacoan; Fabre 2013: 11, Campbell et al. 2020: 407)</div>
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a. <i>j-ovalh-</i><b><i>c’oya</i></b></div>
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1A(>3P)-watch-<b>AM</b></div>
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‘I watch(ed), waiting for him/her/them to come.’</div>
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b. <i>lha Esperanza ni-pitej=a</i></div>
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FEN Esperanza NEG-be.tall=NEG</div>
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‘Esperanza is short. (lit. ‘Esperanza is not tall’)’</div>
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c. <i>a-pitej</i>-<i><u>yi</u></i>-<b><i>c’oya</i></b></div>
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2S-be.tall-<u>1</u>-<b>AM</b></div>
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‘You are taller <u>than me</u>.’</div>
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· AM markers that, in their applicative use, do not increase the number of participants but alter the semantic role of a non-S/A participant. For example in (4c) from Maasai, the ventive AM marker
<i>-ú/-ʊ́</i> (4a) changes the role of the object from source, cf. 'shop' in (4b), to theme, cf. 'pen' in (4c).</div>
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(4) Maasai (Eastern Nilotic; Payne 2021: 715, 720)</div>
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a. <i>páá kánú í-rás-</i><b><i>ʊ́</i></b></div>
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then when 2-attack-<b>VEN</b></div>
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‘Then when are you coming to attack (us)?’</div>
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b. <i>á-púrr-íto ol=dúka</i></div>
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1SG-rob-PROG M.SG=shop</div>
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‘I am stealing from the shop/robbing the shop.’</div>
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c. <i>á-púrr-</i><b><i>ú</i></b> [<i><u>ɛnk=alámu</u></i>] <i>tɔ l=dúkâ</i></div>
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1SG-rob-<b>VEN</b> <u>F.SG=pen</u> OBL M.SG=shop.NOM</div>
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‘I will steal <u>a pen</u> from the market.’</div>
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I would be very grateful for any pointers or data.</div>
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Best,</div>
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Timofey Mukhin</div>
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University of Liège</div>
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</div>
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<i>Campbell, L., L. Díaz & F. Ángel. 2020. Nivaclé grammar. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. 636pp.</i></div>
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<i>Fabre, A. 2013. Applicatives and associated motion suffixes in the expression of spatial relations: A view from Nivacle (Mataguayo family, Paraguayan Chaco) (unbublished manuscript).</i></div>
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<i>Guillaume, A. & Koch, H. (eds.). 2021. Associated Motion, Berlin: De Gruyter.</i></div>
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<i>Pakendorf, B. & N. Stoynova. 2021. Associated motion in Tungusic languages: a case of mixed argument structure. In Guillaume, A. & Koch, H. (eds.), Associated Motion, 855–898. Berlin: De Gruyter.</i></div>
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<i>Payne, D.L. 2021. The extension of associated motion to direction, aspect and argument structure in Nilotic languages. In Guillaume, A. & Koch, H. (eds.), Associated motion, 695–746. Berlin: De Gruyter.</i></div>
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<i>Terhart, L. 2024. A grammar of Paunaka. (Comprehensive Grammar Library 7). Berlin: Language Science Press.</i></div>
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<i>Zúñiga, F. & D. Creissels. 2024. Applicative Constructions in the World’s Languages, Berlin, Boston: Mouton de Gruyter.</i></div>
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