<div dir="ltr"><div>I agree with Christian that the choice of interlinear glossing has a lot to do with the audience, context, and what you wish to convey. I enjoy reading interlinear texts that allow the reader to toggle between a simple or a more complex gloss to provide the most accessibility for readers. This is difficult in a static text, however.</div><div><br></div><div>As for how to gloss your examples, your pen example reminds me of how authors often add a literal translation or paraphrase in square brackets after the free translation to assist the reader. So I might suggest adding [pen] in brackets after your truer to the morphology gloss instr-repet~write (1). Alternatively, you could do this in the morphology line and have the complex morphology in the square brackets (2). For your thinking example, I might gloss such a prefix with an "unknown" abbreviation like unk or der `unknown derivational affix' (1). I think (2) is closer to what you've suggested, but I think (1) is much better.</div><div><br></div><img src="cid:ii_md0qei1w1" alt="image.png" width="536" height="249">\<div><br></div><div>Kate<br><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12px"><font face="garamond, times new roman, serif">____________________</font></span></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="garamond, times new roman, serif">Kate L. Lindsey</font><div><font face="garamond, times new roman, serif">Assistant Professor of Linguistics</font></div><div><font face="garamond, times new roman, serif">Boston University<br></font></div><div><font face="garamond, times new roman, serif">Boston, MA 02215</font></div><div><font face="garamond, times new roman, serif"><a href="http://ling.bu.edu/people/lindsey" target="_blank">http://ling.bu.edu/people/lindsey</a></font></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Jul 11, 2025 at 11:04 AM Konstantin Henke via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px">Dear all,<br>
<br>
glossing texts of agglutinative languages frequently leads to the situation where an orthographic word consisting of multiple transparent morphemes can be glossed using an English word, i.e. usually when derivative morphology is present, such as Takbanuaz Bunun <i>ispapatas</i> 'pen', which is derived from the root <i>patas</i> 'to write' as <i>is-pa~patas</i> [INSTR-REPET~write] 'thing to frequently write with'. When glossing longer texts, I'm often unsure whether to indicate the morphology or not, and I usually go by my own transparency judgement; i.e. if the gloss says '<span>INSTR-REPET~write' and the translation mentions a 'pen', then the reader might be able to put two and two together, but in other cases the derived meaning might have been conventionalized in a way that is no longer transparent from its (original) morphological composition, so writing <i>ispapatas</i> without indicating morpheme boundaries and just glossing it as 'pen' might be the better option.</span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span><br></span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span>However, the boundary between derivational and inflectional morphology is of course not always clear (like locative or instrumental markers often having a nominalizing function in many Austronesian languages, as in the example above) and is thus not a good diagnostic of whether to provide morphological transparency in the glossing or not. Secondly, sometimes the linguist wishes to both indicate morphology <i>and</i> provide a gloss for the entire cross-morpheme meaning, i.e. both <i>is-pa~patas</i> (instead of <i>ispapatas</i>) and 'pen'.</span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span><br></span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span>Additionally, sometimes the concrete function of some derivative affix might not be known, but the meaning of the entire derived word is known, while the linguist wishes at the same time to indicate the presence of said affix. E.g. Bunun <i>miliskin</i> 'to think' consists of <i>mi- </i>(unclear) and the root <i>liskin</i> '<span>believe, think, assume, </span><span>consider</span>' (De Busser, 2009: 573). In a text, I'd like to indicate both the fact that <i>mi-</i> is a prefix and the fact that <i>miliskin</i> is best translated as 'to think'.</span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span><br></span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span>I have thought about using the dot that usually has the opposite function (joining multiple meanings/functions/glosses to correspond to one morpheme) in order to join multiple morphemes to correspond to one gloss, i.e. writing <i>mi.liskin</i> with the gloss 'think' or <i>is.pa.patas</i> 'pen'. This does not seem to be common practice and might not actually be very useful since the morphemes themselves aren't glossed, but at least it would point to the fact that affixal morphology present instead of just giving the reader a "chunk" like <i>ispapatas</i> for them to figure it out themselves.</span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span><br></span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span>I was wondering if someone could point me to the common practice or even recommendations like the Leipzig glossing rules (which do not treat this case) or even to an entirely different approach I might not have thought of.</span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span><br></span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span>Thank you!</span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span><br></span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span>Konstantin Henke</span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span><br></span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span>–––</span></div><div style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span><span>De Busser, R. (2009). <i>Towards a grammar of Takivatan Bunun: Selected topics</i> (Doctoral dissertation, L).</span><br></span></div>_______________________________________________<br>
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