<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="auto">Thank you, Dan! Spanish can indeed do it. <div dir="auto">In this connection, I was also thinking about Spanish futures.</div><div>If I say, "Lo haré mañana", to which aspect shall we assign this utterance? Speculatively, we can form "Lo voy a estar haciendo mañana", or, vice versa, "Lo habré hecho mañana", but people do not really talk this way, at least in my experience. </div><div><br></div><div> Is "Lo haré mañana" aspect-neutral?</div><div><br></div><div>The same picture seems to hold true for standard Italian: "Lo farò domani". And maybe for English as well? How often do we need to say "I will be doing it tomorrow"?</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Sergey</div></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, 4 Aug 2025, 06:08 Dan I Slobin, <<a href="mailto:slobin@berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">slobin@berkeley.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-size:small">Here's another quirk from Spanish, a language with a rich collection of tense/aspect forms. It is possible to<span style="font-size:11pt"> take two perspectives on a past durative event
in a narrative, considering the event as continuing or as a completed durative
process. The past progressive is formed with <i>estar</i> ‘be’ + PRESENT.PARTICIPLE.
The past auxiliary <i>estar</i> can be either imperfective (<i>estaba</i>) or
perfective (<i>estuvo</i>). For example, consider a story in which a search (<i>buscar</i>)<i>
</i>is ongoing: <i>estaba buscando</i> indicates continuous searching
throughout the story. However, if the search is completed before the end of the
story, <i>estuvo buscando </i>indicates the total duration of an event that had
been extended in time earlier in the narrative. <span></span></span>Both forms translate in English as "was searching."<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt">This is not a matter of an
imperfective-perfective continuum, but rather a matter of treating an
imperfective past situation as bounded or unbounded.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt">- Dan<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span lang="ES">Sebastián, E., & Slobin, D. I. (1994). </span>Development of linguistic forms: Spanish. In R. A. Berman & D. I.
Slobin (Eds.), <i>Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental
study </i>(pp. 239-284)<i>.</i> Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.</font><span style="font-size:11pt"><span></span></span></p>
</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Jul 31, 2025 at 7:08 AM Juergen Bohnemeyer via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>
<div lang="EN-US">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Dear Adam – Just adding a few references:
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">There is definitely a perfective-imperfective continuum as far as the likelihood of different lexical/situational-aspectual classes to occur with (im)perfective reference goes. This is explored in Becker
& Malchukov (2022), which builds, among other things, upon observations in Bohnemeyer & Swift (2004).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">The correlation between perfective aspect and foregrounding and non-perfective aspect and backgrounding was pointed out long ago by Hopper (1982) and by the early DRT literature. An account that dispenses
with the stipulations of the DRT framework is developed in Bohnemeyer (2009).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Best – Juergen<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Becker, L. & A. Malchukov. (2022). Semantic maps and typological hierarchies: Evidence for the Actionality Hierarchy.
<i>Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft</i> 41(1): 31-66. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2021-2044" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">
https://doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2021-2044</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Bohnemeyer, J. (2009). Temporal anaphora in a tenseless language. In W. Klein & P. Li (eds.),
<i>The expression of time in language</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 83-128. <a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/MdG_ECC-Time_04_Bohnemeyer.pdf" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">
Preprint</a>.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Bohnemeyer, J. & M. Swift. (2004). Event realization and default aspect<i>. Linguistics and</i>
<i>Philosophy </i>27(3): 263-296. <a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/LING482_02_final.pdf" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">
Preprint</a>. <a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/defaultaspect-corrections.pdf" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">
Errata</a>.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif"">Hopper, P. J. (1982). Aspect between discourse and grammar: An introductory essay for the volume. In P. J. Hopper (ed.),
<i>Tense-aspect: Between semantics and pragmatics. Containings the contributions to a symposium on tense and aspect, held at UCLA, May 1979</i>. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 3-18.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: </span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" title="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:rgb(0,120,212)">jb77@buffalo.edu</span></a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><br>
Web: </span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/" title="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:rgb(5,99,193)">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"> <br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black">Office hours Tu/Th 3:30-4:30pm in 642 Baldy or via Zoom (Meeting ID 585 520 2411; Passcode Hoorheh) </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><br>
<br>
There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How The Light Gets In <br>
(Leonard Cohen) </span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">-- <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"CMU Serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0.5in">
<b><span style="color:black">From: </span></b><span style="color:black">Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Adam James Ross Tallman via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Thursday, July 31, 2025 at 02:51<br>
<b>To: </b>Sergey Loesov <<a href="mailto:sergeloesov@gmail.com" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">sergeloesov@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Cc: </b><a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] once again about perfective vs. imperfective aspect<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)">Hi Sergey,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)">Me and Andres Salanova worked on this problem a little, so
<b><i>maybe</i></b> our project relates to your question. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)">We wondered whether there was a continuum (or in whether it is useful to posit a continuum) between perfective and imperfective somehow, but couldn't make much
sense of this idea in the end.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)">One way of approaching it, which we chose in the end, is by just deciding that perfective = narrative time advancement, and imperfective = no narrative time
advancement, operationalizing this distinction so it can be coded in naturalistic speech and seeing with which morphemes it correlates. The degree to which a morpheme or construction correlates that distinction is the degree to which it is perfective or imperfective.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)">Fairly descriptive, but we thought it might be a starting point for investigating typological variation. A proceedings paper is available <a href="http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/fulltext/DDL/Salanova_2022.pdf" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">here.</a> (if
the link doesn't work let me know)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)">I thought that it would correlate a lot with lexical aspects, e.g. you just tend to get imperfective readings more in contexts where you have stative verbs.
But we didn't have enough data to assess this I think. It turns out in Chácobo the past tense marker is the most consistently correlated with narrative time advancement and in Araona its whether you use a verbal or nonverbal predicate construction (nonverbal
predicate constructions are associated with narrative time non-advancement naturally). Something similar was found for Mebengokre. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)">But, I'd be very interested to hear if anyone was able to somehow measure (im)perfectivity using a different conceptual-measurement framework. I think this work
remained pretty preliminary.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)">best,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)">A. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";color:rgb(76,17,48)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in">On Sun, Jul 27, 2025 at 5:20<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"> </span>PM Sergey Loesov via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border-width:medium medium medium 1pt;border-style:none none none solid;border-color:currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204,204,204);padding:0in 0in 0in 6pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">
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<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Dear colleagues,</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-left:0.5in">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Please allow me a naïve question: do we believe in a one-feature binary opposition of “perfective” vs. “imperfective” aspect in languages that, unlike English (e.g., yesterday he wrote ~ yesterday he was writing)
or Spanish (ayer escribió ~ ayer estaba escribiendo), do not exhibit a clear-cut morphological distinction of this kind within the same tense, if I may put it as simply as possible?</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-left:0.5in">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Thank you very much!</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-left:0.5in">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Sergey</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in">_______________________________________________<br>
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</blockquote>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><br clear="all">
<u></u><u></u></p>
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<span>-- </span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Adam J.R. Tallman</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Post-doctoral Researcher
</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Friedrich Schiller Universität</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Department of English Studies</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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</div></blockquote></div><div><br clear="all"></div><br><span class="gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span></i></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> </font></span></i></p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Dan I. Slobin </font></span></i></p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Distinguished Professor Emeritus of
Psychology and </font></span></i></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Distinguished </font></span></i><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Affiliated </font></span></i><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Professor Emeritus of Linguistics</font></span></i></p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">University of California,
Berkeley</font></span></i></p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">email: <a href="mailto:slobin@berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">slobin@berkeley.edu</a></font></span></i></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="color:rgb(61,133,198)"><i><span style="font-size:10.6667px"><a href="https://danslobin.academia.edu/research" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://danslobin.academia.edu/research</a><br></span></i></span></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i style="color:rgb(103,78,167)"><span style="font-size:8pt"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif"><u><a href="https://archive.org/search?query=Slobin&sin=TXT" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://archive.org/search?query=Slobin&sin=TXT</a></u></span></span></i></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span></i></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">address: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/search/2323+Rose+St.,%0D%0ABerkeley,+CA+94708,+USA?entry=gmail&source=g" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">2323 Rose St.,
Berkeley, CA 94708, USA</a></font></span></i><br></p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"></span></i></p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> <br></font></span></i></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><br></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">I acknowledge that the UC-Berkeley campus is on the traditional, <br></font></span></i></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">ancestral, and unceded land of the Ohlone people. <br></font></span></i></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span></i></p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">
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