<div dir="ltr">Dear Yiming and Omri,<div><br></div><div>In this <a href="https://aclanthology.org/2020.tlt-1.8.pdf">short paper</a>, we perform, inter alia, a corpus comparison of the optionality of subject pronouns ("partial pro-drop") across Slavic languages, and show that in East Slavic languages, the pronouns are less frequent in the present tense (where the person of the subject is indexed on the verb) than in the past tense (where it isn't). For most other Slavic languages, the pronoun frequency is the same across tenses (and the person indexing on the verb is also the same). (See similar observations in Seo 2001 that Greville cited.)</div><div><br></div><div>Reference: Aleksandrs Berdicevskis, Karsten Schmidtke-Bode, Ilja Seržant (2020): Subjects tend to be coded only once: Corpus-based and grammar-based evidence for an efficiency-driven trade-off, in Proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories, TLT 2020, 27–28 October 2020, Düsseldorf, Germany, pages 79-92</div><div><br></div><div>Best regards, </div><div>Sasha</div><div><br></div><div>---</div><div>Aleksandrs Berdicevskis<br>Researcher, Associate professor<br>Språkbanken Text<br>Department of Swedish, Multilingualism, Language Technology<br>University of Gothenburg<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, 29 Oct 2025 at 17:55, Greville Corbett via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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Here is a comparison across various Slavonic languages, which are pro-drop to different degrees.
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<div>Seo, Seunghyun. 2001. The frequency of null subject in Russian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian and Serbo-</div>
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<div>Croatian: an analysis according to morphosyntactic environments. PhD dissertation, Indiana</div>
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<div>University. Distributed by UMI, Ann Arbor, reference 3038515.</div>
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<div>Very best</div>
<div>Grev</div>
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<div>On 29 Oct 2025, at 15:58, Silvia Luraghi via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div>In Italian, the singular forms of the subjunctive are syncretic. The subject that cannot usually be dropped is the second person; in general, the second person subject seems to be the one that is least likely to be dropped in Northern Italian varieties
that have obligatory (but in some cases 'droppable') subject prefixes. </div>
<div>On the other hand, in Hittite, normally a pro-drop language, third person subjects of intransitive verbs are obligatory.</div>
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<div dir="ltr">Silvia Luraghi<br>
Università di Pavia<br>
Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Linguistica <br>
Strada Nuova 65<br>
I-27100 Pavia<br>
tel.: +39/0382/984685
<div style="display:inline"></div>
<div>Web page personale: <a href="https://studiumanistici.unipv.it/?pagina=docenti&id=68" target="_blank">
https://studiumanistici.unipv.it/?pagina=docenti&id=68</a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno mer 29 ott 2025 alle ore 16:52 Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> ha scritto:<br>
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<div>In Spanish, the first and third person singular of the verb are syncretic in most TAM categories. Lehmann 2009 shows that in a relatively small portion of occurrences, the reference is disambiguated by a subject pronoun. In the majority of relevant cases,
the task of disambiguation is just left to the hearer.<br>
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Lehmann, Christian 2009, “El papel del pronombre personal sujeto en la desambiguación de formas verbales sincréticas”. Sánchez Miret, Fernando (ed.),
<i>Romanistica sin complejos. Homenaje a Carmen Pensado</i>. Bern etc.: P. Lang; 147-170.
<u></u>[ <a href="https://www.christianlehmann.eu/publ/lehmann_pronombre.pdf" target="_blank">
descargar<img src="https://www.christianlehmann.eu/fundus/pdf.gif"></a> ]<u></u></div>
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<div>-- <br>
<p style="font-size:90%">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
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<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></p>
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