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Dear Masha and Anna,</div>
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<br>
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I had earlier indicated that there was some chance I might be able to make it to Europe for the SLE. However, looking at my dates for 2026 that now looks impossible: I am almost certainly going to be in PNG doing fieldwork at that time. So with regret I will
have to take my name off the list – a real shame since it is an interesting topic, but that's the call of fieldwork. </div>
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Meanwhile good luck with the workshop proposal</div>
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Best Nick</div>
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<br>
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<br>
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<br>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Coombs Building, Fellows Road</span><br>
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CHL, CAP, Australian National University</div>
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<br>
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nicholas.evans@anu.edu.au</div>
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<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
I acknowledge the Ngunnawal people as custodians of the land on which I work, <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
and pay my respects to their elders, past and present.</span> Their custodianship has never been ceded.</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, November 5, 2025 6:24 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Anna Bugaeva <bugaeva@rs.tus.ac.jp><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] SLE workshop proposal: Body part incorporation cross-linguistically: At the crossroads of lexicon, semantics, and morphosyntax</font>
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<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font face="Arial" class="" style="font-size:14px">Dear all,</font></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font face="Arial" class="" style="font-size:14px"><br class="">
</font></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font face="Arial" class="" style="font-size:14px">we – Anna Bugaeva (Tokyo University of Science) and Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm (Stockholm University) </font><span class="" style="font-size:14px; font-family:Arial">are
submitting a proposal for the workshop </span><span class="" style="font-size:14px; font-family:Arial; text-align:justify">“</span><span lang="EN-US" class="" style="font-size:14px; font-family:Arial; text-align:justify">Body part incorporation cross-linguistically:
At the crossroads of lexicon, semantics, and morphosyntax” to SLE 59, to be held in Osnabrück, Germany from 26 to 29 August 2026.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br class="">
</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span class="" style="font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; text-align:justify"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span class="" style="font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; text-align:justify">We apologize for the short notice, but hope that it should not prevent</span><span class="" style="font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; text-align:justify"> interested
colleagues to send a short abstract (300 words) to us at November 15th at the latest.</span></div>
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</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span lang="EN-US" class="" style="font-size:14px; font-family:Arial; text-align:justify"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span lang="EN-US" class="" style="font-size:14px; font-family:Arial; text-align:justify">Kind regards,</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span lang="EN-US" class="" style="font-size:14px; font-family:Arial; text-align:justify"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span lang="EN-US" class="" style="font-size:14px; font-family:Arial; text-align:justify">Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm (<a href="mailto:tamm@ling.su.se" class="">tamm@ling.su.se</a>), Anna Bugaeva (<a href="mailto:bugaeva@rs.tus.ac.jp" class="">bugaeva@rs.tus.ac.jp</a>)</span></div>
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<br class="">
</div>
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<br class="">
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</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="" style="font-family:Aptos,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:2.75pt; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:.5pt; text-align:center; line-height:107%">
<b class="">Body part incorporation cross-linguistically: At the crossroads of lexicon, semantics,
</b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:2.5pt; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:.5pt; text-align:center; line-height:107%">
<b class="">and morphosyntax </b></p>
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<b class=""> </b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:6.75pt; text-align:center; line-height:107%">
Anna Bugaeva & Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:2.7pt; margin-bottom:4.15pt; margin-left:.5pt; text-align:center; line-height:107%">
(Tokyo University of Science, Stockholm University)<span class="" style="font-family:"Yu Mincho",serif">
</span>(<a href="mailto:bugaeva@rs.tus.ac.jp" class="">bugaeva@rs.tus.ac.jp</a>) (<a href="mailto:tamm@ling.su.se" class="">tamm@ling.su.se</a>)
</p>
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<b class=""><br class="">
</b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:1.85pt; margin-bottom:4.8pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%">
<b class="">Keywords: </b>noun incorporation, body part terms, lexicon, semantics, morphosyntax
</p>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm">The proposed workshop aims to explore and understand what’s special about body part noun incorporation compared to other types of incorporation found across the world’s languages. Which particular body part
terms tend to be incorporated, and what might this reveal about universal patterns in linguistic structure and meaning? By bringing together researchers working on diverse languages, this workshop seeks to uncover the distinctive characteristics, functions,
and typological tendencies of body part incorporation. Through comparative discussion, we will highlight how these constructions contribute to our understanding of grammar, semantics, and the interface between language and cognition.</div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt">Noun incorporation (NI) is a grammatical process in which a noun (often the object) becomes </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">bound to a verb,
forming a single complex verb word as in </span><b class="" style="font-size:12pt"><i class="">turep</i></b><span class="" style="font-size:12pt"> ‘lily root’ +
</span><i class="" style="font-size:12pt">ta </i><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">‘to dig’
</span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Wingdings"></span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">
</span><b class="" style="font-size:12pt"><i class="">turep-</i></b><i class="" style="font-size:12pt">ta
</i><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">‘to dig lily roots’ (=‘engage in lily roots digging’) from Ainu (isolate, Northern Japan). NI is predominantly found in the Circum-Pacific region as defined by Bickel & Nichols (2006) and encompassing the Americas,
Oceania–New Guinea–Australia, and eastern Asia up to the main coastal mountain range) (Caballero et al. 2008: 393). NI has attracted much attention and debate in research on particular languages and crosslinguistically, among others, on its coverage and delimitation
from other processes (Massam 2009). </span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt">Body-part terms (BPTs) are frequently involved in NI (Kroeber 1909; Sapir 1911; Mithun 1984), </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">and in some
languages, they constitute the only class of incorporable nouns (Dahl 2004: 213–214), e.g., in Ngan.gikurunggurr (non-Pama-Nyungan; Australia) (Reid 1982), Totonac (Totonac-Tepehua; Mexico) (Caballero et al. 2008), and Palikúr (Arawak; Brazil) (Aikhenvald
& Green 1998: 451). This pattern is understandable, given that NI is an effective backgrounding device and BPTs are often backgrounded in discourse (Mithun 1984; Lehmann 2022). To cite Dahl & Koptjevskaja-Tamm (1998: 44), “what really matters is not so much
the body part as such but rather the affected person or animal. This motivates syntactic constructions such as possessor ascension/external possession and body-part incorporation”.</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="font-size:12pt; text-align:right"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="font-size:12pt; text-align:right">However, what makes noun incorporation of BPTs noteworthy is the unique combination of </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">grammatical constraints
it displays: when used independently, BPTs semantically—and, in languages with obligatorily possessed nouns, syntactically—require a possessor (Bugaeva et al. 2022), whereas incorporated BPTs tend to resist all types of modification, including possessive.
In addition, BPTs even in one and the same language do not form a homogenous lexical class, and may differ in their properties, including their propensity to be incorporated.</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt">Languages vary in how they handle the original possessor-modifier, with possessor ascension to </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">the subject
or object in NI being a commonly attested strategy in Mohawk (Iroquoian; USA) (Mithun 1996) (1a, b), Chukchi (Chukchi-Kamchatkan; Russia) (Vinyar 2023), Lakota (Siouan; USA) (de Reuse 1994), </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">Washo (isolate, USA)
(Lemieux 2010), Palikúr (Arawak; Brazil) (Aikhenvald & Green 1998), Panare (Cariban; Venezuela) (Payne & Payne 2013), Movima (isolate, Bolivia) (Haude 2006), Paraguayan Guaraní (Tupi-Guaraní) (Velázquez-Castillo 1996), and many others, though not the only
strategy. For example, in Mayali (dialect of Bininj Kun-Wok; non-Pama-Nyungan; Australia) and a few other head-marking polysynthetic languages of Australia, body-part incorporation does not alter argument structure or follow a possessor-raising pattern; instead,
body parts are syntactically in apposition to their wholes, and incorporation selects one of the two apposed nominals (Evans 1996: 91) (2a).</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="font-size:12pt; text-align:right"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="font-size:12pt; text-align:right">Further variation is determined by possessor–subject coreferentiality options in the case of </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">transitive incorporating
verb. While BPTs incorporated by intransitive verbs can only belong to the subject of NI (My hands are cold > I am cold</span><b class="" style="font-size:12pt">hand</b><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">ed) (1a), BPTs incorporated into the object slot
of transitive verbs can either belong to the subject (possessor–subject coreferentiality: I washed my face > I
</span><b class="" style="font-size:12pt">face</b><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">washed) (4a) or to some other person (no possessor–subject coreferentiality: I washed his face > I
</span><b class="" style="font-size:12pt">face</b><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">washed him) (1b). Thus, in Ainu, incorporation of BPTs typically results in the promotion of the possessor to subject with intransitives (3b), deletion of the coreferential
possessor with transitives (4b) (cf. base clauses in (3a) and (4a)), and no incorporation when the possessor is not coreferential with the transitive subject (i.e., it is impossible to incorporate a BPT when it does not belong to oneself) (4c) (Bugaeva & Koptjevskaja-Tamm
2025).</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-indent:42pt; font-size:12pt"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-indent:42pt; font-size:12pt">In contrast, in Mayali, “the incorporated body part is never construed with the transitive subject. …the incorporated form ‘hand’ must be construed as
the object’s; to specify that the subject used his hand, a free nominal plus the ‘from’ suffix must be used” (Evans 1996: 84) as in (2b). In Nadëb (Nadahup; Brazil), too, the possessor coreferential with the transitive subject in NI requires special reflexive
marking, whereas non-coreferential possessors behave differently: first- and second-person possessors are easily promoted to object position as in typical possessor ascension, while a non-coreferential third-person possessor is simply deleted, with its reference
being recoverable from context (Weir 1990: 325, 328).</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="font-size:12pt; text-align:right"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="font-size:12pt; text-align:right">Another feature that makes BPT noun incorporation distinctive is that, in some languages, </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">incorporated body-part
nouns may be referential, as in Ainu (Satō 2012, 2016; Bugaeva 2017) (see </span>
<b class="" style="font-size:12pt"><i class="">-e</i></b><span class="" style="font-size:12pt"> (POSS) in (3b)), Washo (Lemieux 2010: 153), Nadëb (Weir 1990), Panare (Payne 1995: 309), or Bininj Kun-Wok (Evans 2003: 235), which is not the case with other incorporation
types.</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt">Further parameters of BPT NI variation include the possibility of incorporating arguments only as </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">in Ainu
(Bugaeva 2022), or arguments and adjuncts as in Chukchi (Vinyar 2023) with different semantic roles, which include not only Patients but often Instruments and Locations (Olthof 2020).</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="text-align:right; font-size:12pt">And finally, it has long been noted that some BPT lexemes are more prone to incorporation than </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">others: “Most
incorporating languages do incorporate such terms as ‘body’ and ‘mind’, since they provide a device for qualifying V’s which pertain to the physical or mental aspect of a person or animal.” (Mithun 1984: 856). However, this too appears to be subject to linguistic
variation: in Ainu, the most frequently incorporated lexemes are ‘mind’, ‘eye’, and ‘hand’ (Bugaeva & Koptjevskaja-Tamm 2025), i.e., not ‘body’. Moreover, in Paraguayan Guaraní, ‘body’ even resists incorporation since “the whole body functions as an active
zone indicating complete identification between body and person,” and only BPTs that “are attributed some sort of cultural importance” are allowed to incorporate (Velázquez-Castillo 1996: 157).</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="font-size:12pt"><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">While it is clear that certain BPT lexemes are more prone to certain semantic role interpretations </span><span class="" style="font-size:12pt">in NI, which is accommodated
by language-specific morphosyntax (Lexicon > Semantics > Morphosyntax), the cross-linguistic variation and possible interdependencies have not been consistently described so far. The present workshop, which is primarily concerned with illuminating the above-described
and other features that make BPT NI special compared to other types, aims at bringing this into focus.</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 1.85pt 0.15pt 0cm"></div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 6.05pt 0.05pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0.95pt 4.95pt 18pt; text-indent:-18pt; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="line-height:107%">(1)<span class="" style="font-stretch:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span></span>a. <i class="">tewakahsyó:tanos
</i>(Mohawk) </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 4.95pt 42.5pt; line-height:107%">
<i class="">te-wak-<b class="">absyot</b>-anos </i></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:1.85pt; margin-bottom:6.1pt; margin-left:42.55pt; line-height:107%">
DUALIC-1:SG:PAT-hand-cold:STATIVE </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%"> ‘My hands are cold.’ (Literally: ‘I am coldhanded.’)
</p>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 251.95pt 0cm 60pt; text-indent:-24pt; line-height:160%">
<span class="" style="line-height:160%">b.<span class="" style="font-stretch:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span></span><i class="">wahikųhsohareʔ</i> <i class=""> wa-hi-<b class="">kųhs</b>-ohare-ʔų
</i></div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%"> PAST-l:SG:AGT/3.M:SG:PAT-face-wash-PUNCTUAL
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%"> ‘I washed
<i class="">his </i>face.’ (Literally: ‘I facewashed <i class="">him.</i>’) (Mithun 1996: 643)
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 6.1pt 0.15pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0.95pt 6.35pt 18pt; text-indent:-18pt; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="line-height:107%">(2)<span class="" style="font-stretch:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span></span>a. <i class="">A-<b class="">bid</b>-garrme-ng daluk.
</i> (Mayali) </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 5.05pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:107%; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
</span>1/3-hand-grasp-PP woman </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:1.85pt; margin-bottom:6.75pt; margin-left:42.65pt; line-height:107%">
‘I touched the woman on the hand.’ </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 251.95pt 4.95pt 60pt; text-indent:-24pt; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="line-height:107%">b.<span class="" style="font-stretch:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span></span><i class="">Gun-<b class="">bid</b>-be nga-garrme-ng daluk.</i><span class="" style="font-family:"Yu Mincho",serif">
</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 5.05pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:107%; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
</span>IV-hand-from 1/3-grasp-PP woman </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:1.85pt; margin-bottom:4.8pt; margin-left:42.7pt; line-height:107%">
‘I touched the woman with my hand.’ (Evans 1996: 84) </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 6.1pt 0.2pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0.95pt 6.35pt 18pt; text-indent:-18pt; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="line-height:107%">(3)<span class="" style="font-stretch:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span></span>a. <i class="">a-<b class="">tek-e </b> páse
</i>(Ainu) </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 5.05pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:107%; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
</span>4.(A)/POSS-hand-POSS heavy </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:1.85pt; margin-bottom:6.15pt; margin-left:42.7pt; line-height:107%">
‘My hands are heavy.’ </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 251.95pt 1.3pt 60pt; text-indent:-24pt">
<span class="" style="line-height:147%">b.<span class="" style="font-stretch:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span></span><b class=""><i class="">tek-e</i></b><i class="">-pase-an</i> hand-POSS-heavy-4.S
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%"> lit. ‘I (=the protagonist) am hand-heavy.’ = I feel as if I’ve aged. (Satō 2022: 558, modified)
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 6.1pt 0.2pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0.95pt 6.35pt 18pt; text-indent:-18pt; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="line-height:107%">(4)<span class="" style="font-stretch:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span></span>a. <i class="">a-<b class="">kema-ha</b> a-huraye
</i>(Ainu) </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 6.35pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:107%; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
</span> 4.(A)/POSS-foot-POSS 4.A-wash </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 6.4pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:107%; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
</span> ‘I (=the protagonist) washed my feet.’ (Kokuritsu C0008L00018) </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 251.95pt 1.3pt 60pt; text-indent:-24pt">
<span class="" style="line-height:147%">b.<span class="" style="font-stretch:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span></span><b class=""><i class="">kema-</i></b><i class="">huraye-an </i> foot-wash-4.S
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%"> ‘I (=the protagonist) washed my feet.’ (Tamura 1996: 292) (modified)
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 251.95pt 6.35pt 60pt; text-indent:-24pt; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="line-height:107%">c.<span class="" style="font-stretch:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span></span><i class="">e-<b class="">kema-ha</b> a-huraye
</i></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 6.35pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
<span class="" style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:107%; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
</span> 2.(A)/POSS-foot-POSS 4.A-wash </p>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.15pt; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%"><span class="" style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:107%; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
</span> ‘I (=the protagonist) washed your feet.’ (constructed example) </div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:2.6pt; margin-bottom:4.8pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:center; text-indent:0cm; line-height:107%">
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</i></div>
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Prof. Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm<br class="">
Dept. of linguistics, Stockholm university, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden<br class="">
Editor-in-chief of “Linguistic Typology”</div>
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President of Societas Linguistic Europaea<br class="">
<a href="http://www.su.se/english/profiles/tamm-1.182300" originalsrc="http://www.su.se/english/profiles/tamm-1.182300" class="">www.su.se/english/profiles/tamm-1.182300</a> <br class="">
<a href="mailto:tamm@ling.su.se" class="">tamm@ling.su.se</a><br class="">
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