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In at least 3 Cariban languages, the ergative case-marker/postposition is derived historically from the dative, so the two are isomorphic. If you include subordinate clause constructions, I would guess that this syncretism occurs in at least 15 languages. Here
is a quick examples from Wayana (Taveres 2005: 441):</div>
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<p style="direction: ltr; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> [Erg] [Rec]</span></p>
<p style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Kahulu tëkalëi
Avina ja Pintutu ja.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> kahulu t-ëkalë-he avina ja pintutu ja</span></p>
<p style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> beads T-give.O-He Avina Erg Pintutu Dat</span><span style="font-family: Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p>
<p style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> ‘Avina gave the beads to Pintutu.’</span></p>
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Best,</div>
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Spike</div>
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<b>From: </b>Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of David Gil via Lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Date: </b>Thursday, February 19, 2026 at 1:59 AM<br>
<b>To: </b>Pun Ho Lui <luiph001@gmail.com><br>
<b>Cc: </b>lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Giver and recipient sharing the same marking, but the direct object is marked differently<br>
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Hi,</div>
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In Riau Indonesian, <i>sama</i> may optionally occur on either the agent or the recipient, though not the theme, of (unmarked) 'give'. However, I've never observed it to occur on both agent and recipient in the same sentence.</p>
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David</p>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Gil, David (2004) "Riau Indonesian
<i>sama</i>, Explorations in Macrofunctionality", in M. Haspelmath ed., <i>Coordinating Constructions</i>, Typological Studies in Language 58, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 371-424.</span></p>
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<div class="gmail_attr" style="direction: ltr;">On Thu, Feb 19, 2026 at 2:12 PM Pun Ho Lui via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" data-outlook-id="84e77a59-1007-47bb-928e-007824d7a689">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div class="gmail_quote">Dear linguists,</div>
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<div class="gmail_quote">I am wondering if there is any case where in the ditransitive ‘give’ construction, the agent (giver) and recipient are marked by the same item, but the theme (or direct object) is marked differently, e.g.:</div>
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<div class="gmail_quote">1SG-NOM give 2SG-NOM pen</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">‘I gave you a pen.’</div>
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<div class="gmail_quote">This pattern does not fit well in the <span style="font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;">
conceptual space for core arguments (Croft 2001), so I expect it is not very common across languages.</span></div>
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<div class="gmail_quote" style="font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;">Thank you.</div>
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<div class="gmail_quote" style="font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;">Warmest,</div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;">Pun Ho Lui Joe</div>
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<pre><div class="gmail_signature" style="direction: ltr;">David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a href="mailto:dapiiiiit@gmail.com" target="_blank" data-outlook-id="c16faeb7-569c-43fa-97ff-4292f191da4e">dapiiiiit@gmail.com</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-082113720302</div></pre>
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