<div dir="auto">Wangkumara and Punthamara have this, and Diyari in some forms. <div dir="auto">Claire</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Mar 27, 2026, 9:16 AM Eva Schultze-Berndt via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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Dear Christian,</div>
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I’m only aware of such an identity of pronouns and case markers for ergative case (not necessarily an ergative form of the pronoun - which is not unexpected because of split ergativity based on referential status). </div>
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I’ve pasted below the one relevant paragraph that I have written about this for Jaminjung-Ngaliwurru (Mirndi), which also includes references to the phenomenon in other Australian languages (I think these are all that I am aware of, or was in 2016/17).</div>
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<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">I’d be interested to hear about any other overlaps of pronouns and case marking, or switch-reference marking for that matter.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">All the best,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Eva</span></div>
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<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:normal;margin:0px 0px 12px"><span style="font-family:Aptos,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">“There is however some intriguing evidence that the diachronic origin of the Ergative marker
<i>=ni </i>is more directly related to marking expectedness in discourse than it is to marking the semantic role of agent. The origin of the Ergative marker in Jaminjung/Ngaliwurru is, in all likelihood, a third person pronoun/demonstrative; compelling comparative
evidence for this claim is gender agreement of ergative case in the related languages Nungali and Jingulu (Chadwick 1976b; Pensalfini 1999; McGregor 2008). Synchronically, in Jaminjung/Ngaliwurru, the pronominal
<i>ni </i>is retained in 3SG>3SG verbal prefix <i>gani- </i>and is a plausible origin for the verbal enclitic
<i>=ni </i>marking switch-reference across finite clauses (see section 44.3 for discussion and examples). Plausibly, a discourse use of a third singular pronoun to disambiguate reference in the case of a switched or new subject/agent could be the origin (via
distinct pathways of grammaticalization) for both the switch-reference construction and the Ergative marker (the latter by an association of switched or new subjects in apposition with the pronoun with the role of transitive agent, a scenario discussed in
more detail by McGregor (2008: 311– 316)). For a number of other Australian languages, too, there is evidence that markers of a special discourse status have been reanalysed as ergative markers, or vice versa (Jingulu, Pensalfini 1999; Kuuk Thaayorre, Gaby
2010).” (Schultze-Berndt 2017: 1112)</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:normal;margin:0px 0px 12px"><span style="font-family:Aptos,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">References:</span></p>
<p style="line-height:normal;margin:0px"><span style="font-family:Aptos,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Chadwick, Neil. 1976. Ergative, Locative and Instrumental Suffices in Djingili. In
<i>Grammatical Categories in Australian Languages</i>, edited by R. M. W. Dixon. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (= Linguistic Series 22).</span></p>
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<p style="line-height:normal;margin:0px"><span style="font-family:Aptos,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Gaby, Alice. 2010. ‘From Discourse to Syntax and Back: The Lifecycle of Kuuk Thaayorre Ergative Morphology’.
<i>Lingua</i> 120 (7): 1677–1692.</span></p>
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<p style="line-height:normal;margin:0px"><span style="font-family:Aptos,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">McGregor, William. 2008. ‘Indexicals as Sources of Case Markers in Australian Languages’. In
<i>Interdependence of Diachronic and Synchronic Analyses</i>, edited by Folke Josephson and Ingmar Söhrman. Benjamins.</span></p>
<p style="line-height:normal;margin:0px"><span style="font-family:Aptos,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br>
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<p style="line-height:normal;margin:0px"><span style="font-family:Aptos,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Pensalfini, Rob. 1999. The Rise of Case Suffixes as Discourse Markers in Jingulu—a Case Study of Innovation in
an Obsolescent Language. <i>Australian Journal of Linguistics</i> 19 (2): 225–240.</span></p>
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<p style="line-height:normal;margin:0px"><span style="font-family:Aptos,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Schultze-Berndt, Eva. 2017. Interaction of ergativity and information structure in Jaminjung (Australia). In J.
Coon, D. Massam & L. Travis (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Ergativity, 1089–1113. Oxford: Oxford University Press. </span></p>
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<p style="margin:0cm;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Aptos Narrow",sans-serif;font-size:12pt">Prof Eva Schultze-Berndt (she/her) | Linguistics and English Language</span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Aptos Narrow",sans-serif;font-size:12pt">School of Arts, Languages and Cultures | The University of Manchester, UK</span></p>
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<b>From: </b>Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Friday, 27 March 2026 at 10:30<br>
<b>To: </b><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[Lingtyp] case suffix is "homonymous" with personal pronoun form<br>
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Dear colleagues,</div>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt">I dimly remember that in one or more languages of Australia, case suffixes look like forms of a pronoun declined for the case in question.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt">Could someone with relevant expertise or a better memory than me please help me out? Name of the language(s) in question would be sufficient; a reference would be even
better.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt">Thanks in advance,</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt">Christian</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt">------------------------------------------</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
Deutschland</span></p>
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