13.2847, Diss: Phonology: Cho "Effects of Prosody..."

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LINGUIST List:  Vol-13-2847. Tue Nov 5 2002. ISSN: 1068-4875.

Subject: 13.2847, Diss: Phonology: Cho "Effects of Prosody..."

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1)
Date:  Tue, 05 Nov 2002 10:27:53 +0000
From:  T.Cho at mpi.nl
Subject:  Phonology: Cho "Effects of Prosody on Articulation..."

-------------------------------- Message 1 -------------------------------

Date:  Tue, 05 Nov 2002 10:27:53 +0000
From:  T.Cho at mpi.nl
Subject:  Phonology: Cho "Effects of Prosody on Articulation..."

New Dissertation Abstract

Institution: University of California, Los Angeles
Program: Department of Linguistics
Dissertation Status: Completed
Degree Date: 2001

Author: Taehong Cho

Dissertation Title:
Effects of Prosody on Articulation in English

Linguistic Field: Phonology, Phonetics

Subject Language: English

Dissertation Director 1: Patricia A Keating
Dissertation Director 2: Sun-Ah Jun
Dissertation Director 3: Peter Ladefoged
Dissertation Director 4: Bruce Hayes


Dissertation Abstract:

This dissertation investigates how phonetic realizations are
conditioned by various prosodic conditions (i.e., sentence stress,
level of prosodic domains, position-in-domain), by examining
articulation in three prosodically strong locations: accented
syllables, domain-initial positions, and domain-final positions.  In
particular, this dissertation aims to understand how articulatory
strengthening that may arise from these prosodically strong locations
is manifested in the articulatory maximum positions, V-to-V
coarticulation, movement kinematics, and mass-spring dynamical
parameter settings.  To accomplish this, three articulators, the
tongue, the jaw, and the lips were examined concurrently, collected
from six speakers of American English using an electromagnetic
articulography (EMA).  Results were remarkably similar across
speakers.

The results regarding accent show that accented vowels are strongly
articulated, having larger maximal jaw and lip openings, extreme
maximal tongue positions (lower for /a/ and fronter for /i/), greater
V-to-V coarticulatory resistance, and larger, longer, and faster
movement.  As for boundary effects, the results show that vowels at
higher prosodic boundaries are strongly articulated, evident in larger
maximal lip opening but not in maximal jaw opening, extreme maximal
tongue position (lower for both /a/ and /i/), greater V-to-V
coarticulatory resistance, and longer, sometimes larger, but not
necessarily faster movement. Although accent and boundary both give
rise to articulatory strengthening, these effects are not the same.
They differ in the dimension in which the tongue is expanded, the
involvement of the lips and the jaw, and the movement velocity.

The results regarding movement kinematics suggest that speech
mechanisms are more complex than has generally been assumed by
researchers who have adopted a mass-spring gestural model in
explaining certain speech phenomena.  This dissertation also provides
a basis from which the window model can be further developed,
accommodating prosodically-conditioned variations.

Overall, the results are interpreted in terms of the contrast
maximization principle.  It has been proposed that articulatory
strengthening makes a sound more distinct from neighboring segments
(syntagmatic enhancement) and/or makes the sound distinct from other
contrastive sounds in the language (paradigmatic enhancement).  Such a
phonetic enhancement of linguistic contrast arising from
prosodically-conditioned articulatory strengthening is interpreted as
an articulatory signature for prosodic information.
[Published as a book (Cho, 2002, Routledge. New York, NY)]

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