21.2563, Review: Discourse Analysis; Sociolinguistics: Linde (2008)

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LINGUIST List: Vol-21-2563. Thu Jun 10 2010. ISSN: 1068 - 4875.

Subject: 21.2563, Review: Discourse Analysis; Sociolinguistics: Linde (2008)

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1)
Date: 10-Jun-2010
From: Natasha Azarian < natasha.azarian at gmail.com >
Subject: Working the Past
 

	
-------------------------Message 1 ---------------------------------- 
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2010 17:03:37
From: Natasha Azarian [natasha.azarian at gmail.com]
Subject: Working the Past

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Announced at http://linguistlist.org/issues/19/19-3498.html 

AUTHOR:  Linde, Charlotte
TITLE:  Working the Past
SUBTITLE:  Narrative and Institutional Memory
PUBLISHER:  Oxford University Press
YEAR:   2008

Natasha Azarian Ceccato, SKEMA Business School, Sophia Antipolis, France

SUMMARY 

Working the Past draws equally on ethnographic methods and narrative theory to
investigate how an institution remembers its past. Its intended audience is as
wide as its scope is interdisciplinary, drawing on linguistics, narrative
theory, business culture and ethnology, among other fields. The monograph is the
result of a three-year ethnographic study within MidWest, a pseudonym for a
large insurance company; the central question is how the institution uses
narrative to construct its identity. Over the course of ten chapters, Linde
takes the reader on a narrative-infused journey in which business culture,
sociolinguistic theory, and ethnographic methods are intertwined to tell a
coherent story. In a fresh and engaging fashion, Linde makes the important point
that institutions, much like individuals, use narration as a way to construct
their presentation of who they are and what they have done in the past. She
brings to light the stories that are told, retold and transmitted within an
institution, examining who tells the stories, when they are told, and how these
stories are used to affect both the narrators and the institution itself. 

The book is full of ethnographic and contextual detail to provide the
background, culture and history of the insurance company in question. Field
notes were kept during the research, but much of the data came from interviews
conducted with employees. It is primarily these interviews which make Linde's
principal points about which narratives survive the test of time. Conversely,
she touches on stories which are not remembered, providing socio-historical
background to explain their absence. A definite strength of this book is the
detail Linde devotes to methodology, as she successfully integrates ethnography
and narrative analysis. Often the reader has the impression that Linde is in
fact talking to her as she explains how she unearthed the 'stock stories' of the
institution. 

A clear contribution to the field of narrative theory is Linde's analysis of
what she calls 'retold tales', stories in which the narrator was not a
participant or a witness to the events narrated. In her research, retold tales
were often related by employees about the company's founder and founding, in
which many recent employees were not present. However, retold tales differ from
simple accounts of the past because of linguistic details which in fact indicate
the narrator's participation in a story  which they could not have been present.
For example, narrators use the first person plural, 'we,' as well as quoted
speech, which could not have been actually heard by the narrator (Linde, p. 79).
The implications of this analytic construct are also relevant to narratives
within collectivities for which some stories are told and retold by individual
members in ways that would lead one to believe that the narrator actually lived
through the experience; I am thinking here primarily of stories of vicarious
experience concerning the Holocaust treated by Schiff, Noy and Cohler (2001).
The analytic construct used in Linde's study can thus be applied to other types
of narratives which are inherited and transmitted across contexts. In short,
Working the Past makes points relevant not only to the business environment
explored, but  equally to other realms of narrative research in which the
boundaries of ethnography and narrative analysis are also blended. 

EVALUATION

Working the Past is an important contribution to the interdisciplinary spectrum
of narrative research in which few monographs intermesh ethnography with
narrative theory. While the book is a significant contribution to the field of
narrative and linguistic analysis, it would be equally valuable to students
interested in ethnographic research, as the detail and the clear and concise
manner in which Linde explains her methodology provide a useful model. 

The book however has two minor drawbacks. I also considered one of these
drawbacks to be one of the book's attributes, that is, the book is so full of
information regarding the insurance company history and context that at times
the reader is left wondering, "do I really need to know all of this?" In the end
however, one could argue that more information is better than the inverse. The
other drawback concerns the use of the examples Linde uses to make points
relevant to a certain narrative tenet. That is, at times she draws on situations
and studies far removed from the setting of MidWest Insurance, such as Waldorf
education. This lack of coherence between such examples and the book's subject
leads to an analysis which is less sound than it could have been, had she stuck
to examples from the business environment. 

Ultimately, though, the book is clear and descriptive, and above all it is
inviting to the reader because Linde avoids following into 'linguistic jargon
traps' which often make otherwise interesting linguistic analysis inaccessible
to larger readerships.

REFERENCES

Schiff, B., Noy, C. & Cohler, B. (2001). Collected Stories in the Life
Narratives of Holocaust  Survivors. Narrative Inquiry, 11(1), 159-194.

ABOUT THE REVIEWER 

Natasha Azarian Ceccato is professor in English and Communications at the
SKEMA Business school in Sophia Antipolis, France. Her research interests
include narrative and commemoration, collective memory, and the language of
media and advertising.





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