34.671, Confs: Implicit Manipulation in Public Discourse: Quantitative and Qualitative approaches

Fri Feb 24 01:05:02 UTC 2023

LINGUIST List: Vol-34-671. Fri Feb 24 2023. ISSN: 1069 - 4875.

Subject: 34.671, Confs: Implicit Manipulation in Public Discourse: Quantitative and Qualitative approaches

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Date: 
From: Viviana Masia [viviana.masia at uniroma3.it]
Subject: Implicit Manipulation in Public Discourse: Quantitative and Qualitative approaches

Implicit Manipulation in Public Discourse: Quantitative and
Qualitative approaches
Short Title: IMPAQTS

Date: 27-Apr-2023 - 28-Apr-2023
Location: Roma Tre University (Rome), Italy
Contact: Viviana Masia
Contact Email: viviana.masia at uniroma3.it
Meeting URL: https://oppp.it/evento/international-conference-implicit-
manipulation-in-public-discourse-quantitative-and-qualitative-approach
es-2/

Linguistic Field(s): Cognitive Science; Computational Linguistics;
Discourse Analysis; Neurolinguistics; Pragmatics

Meeting Description:

The aim of this conference is to promote a discussion about the impact
of linguistic implicit communication on human cognition, with
particular reference to public discourse. The conference is organized
as a conclusive event of the project IMPAQTS Implicit Manipulation in
Politics: Quantitatively Assessing the tendentiousness of Speeches
(funded by the Italian Government as the Project of Relevant National
Interest 2017, n. 2017STJCE9 – https://impaqts.it).

In persuasive discourse, the boundary between communication and
manipulation is not always easily traced. The aim of political and
commercial propaganda is to mold peoples’ behaviors: this is often
obtained through underencoded or implicit contents (Ducrot 1972; Sbisà
2007), whose cognitive processing is different from that of explicit
contents. More specifically, linguistic implicit strategies have
evolved as a part of human communication and of speakers’ widespread
tendency to manipulate others (Mercier 2009, Sperber et al. 2010,
Reboul 2011, Lombardi Vallauri 2019, 2021, building on Krebs & Dawkins
1984). The role of implicit strategies in manipulation has also been
investigated within the theoretical frames of Critical Discourse
Analysis (CDA) and argumentation theory (van Dijk 1992, 1997, 2000,
2011; Chilton 2005; Danler 2005; Rocci 2005; Charaudeau 2005; Reisigl
2008).

An important part of the studies on linguistic implicitness have
proposed taxonomies and methods aimed at classifying implicit
persuasive strategies and at quantifying their impact in texts
(Lombardi Vallauri & Masia, 2014; Lombardi Vallauri, 2016b; 2019;
Müller, 2017; Garassino et al., 2019). The linguistic strategies
normally considered in such taxonomies include: presuppositions (see
a.o. Strawson ; Sellars 1954; Kiparsky & Kiparsky 1970; Karttunen
1971, 1973; Fillmore 1971; Levinson 1983; Fox & Thompson 1990;
Stalnaker 2002, de Saussure 2012, Macagno 2022), different kinds of
implicatures (see a.o. Grice 1975, Levinson 1983, Sperber & Wilson
1986, Sbisà 2007), vagueness (see Channell 1985, 1994; Cutting 2007;
Brown & Levinson 1987; Overstreet & Yule 1997; Jucker et al. 2003;
Cotterill 2007; Koester 2007; Lombardi Vallauri 2016a, 2019) and
topicalizations (see Cresti 2000, Lombardi Vallauri 2009).

Another aspect relevant for our understanding of linguistic
implicitness regards the collection of large amounts of authentic
data. An important step in this direction has been made within the
IMPAQTS project itself, which has allowed the collection of a large
corpus of Italian political speeches thoroughly annotated per
implicitly conveyed non bona fide true contents (Cominetti et al. in
press).

In newly emerging lines of research, implicit strategies have also
been experimentally investigated, with both behavioral and
neurophysiological techniques. Notably, much work has been devoted to
assessing the processing underpinnings of presupposed contents, with
interesting findings on the differences between trigger types (Schwarz
2015; Masia et al. 2017, Domaneschi et al. 2018), which reveal that
different presupposing constructions may induce as much different
mental representations of discourse contents, which affect the
likelihood with which receivers may challenge those contents in an
interaction. Behavioral and neurophysiological experimentations on
implicatures have shed light on extra mental resources involved in
computing inferential meanings (Noveck & Posada 2003, Pouscoulous et
al. 2007, Cory et al. 2014, Bašnáková et al. 2014), which marks them
as involving different mental processes than those required to
disentangle presupposed information. Other studies have also sought to
test the effects of plausible deniability of implicit contents, namely
the possibility that a speaker has to deny having conveyed certain
content without bringing about contradictory communicative moves.

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