LL-L "Etymology" 2006.02.17 (04) [D/E]

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A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian B=Brabantish D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian
L=Limburgish LS=Lowlands Saxon (Low German) N=Northumbrian
S=Scots Sh=Shetlandic V=(West) Flemish Z=Zeelandic (Zeeuws)
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17 February 2006 * Volume 04
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From: Rikus Kiers <kiersbv at tiscali.nl>
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2006.02.17 (03) [E/LS/German]

Moi Riekus en Ron,

Moi Arend,

oorspronkelijk Oud saksisch is de betekenis van Hosen niet sokken, maar
kousen. Ik betwijfel of er in die tijd al sokken bestonden in de saksische
regionen. Merkwaardigerwijze hebben Hosen in het HD de betekenis van broek
( drents: boks, boksem) gekregen.Misschien is deze begripsverandering
samengegaan met het breien van hozen in maillotvorm, wat erg op een broek
lijkt. In mijn Drents taalgevoel.van zo'n halve eeuw geleden, zou ik tegen
sokken nooit hosen zeggen, alleen kousen noem ik zo.

Rikus Kiers

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From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Etymology

Rikus, Arend and everyone else,

Old Saxon has two words apparently denoting different types of leg 
coverings:

(1) hosa (supposedly 'hose')
     cf. OEng., OGerm., ONor. hosa)

(2) brôka (supposedly 'trousers' or 'breeches')
     cf. OEng. bróec, bréc, OFris. brók, pl. brék, MDu. broec,
     OGerm. bruh, ONor. brók

As I said, _hosa_ referred to men's leggings.  In other words, they are 
crotchless pants (much like the leggings of traditional Prairy Indians' 
costumes).  The early medieval European men's hose were usually mostly 
covered by tunics.  (The tunics later became shorter and shorter and turned 
into jerkins; so that the crotch area came to be revealed. This led to the 
need for "modesty covering," first in the form of strategic shirt draping, 
stuffing and tucking, then by the codpiece, the latter later less modestly 
"embellished").

Illustrations:
14th century hose pattern: http://www.greydragon.org/library/underwear3.html
Development: http://www.medievaldesign.com/calzeeng.html
http://www.medievaldesign.com/farsettieng.html

Indian leggings: http://www.mhiggins.com/img/past/past11.jpg

Socks were rare in earlier medieval times, may have reached Europe from the 
Middle East.  However, Old English has _socc_ already, related to Old Saxon 
_sok_, Old German _soc_, _soch_ and Old Norse _sokkr_.  Originally these 
denoted some sort of slipper, sandal or other type of light shoe.  These 
words go back to the 8th century.  This may make its loan from the Middle 
East less likely perhaps, but not impossible in my opinion (given early 
trading links).

I suspect Dutch _kouse_ to be derived from *_kolsa_ and/or *_kalsa_ and as 
such is related to archaic English _calzoons_, derived from Romanic; cf. 
French _calçon_, _caleçon_, _chausse_, Spanish _calza_, _calzones_, 
Portuguese _calça_, _calções_, Italian _calza_, _calzoni_, Late Latin 
_calciones_ < *_calcea_.  These denoted mostly drawers, early forms of 
trousers, namely leggings with sewn-in crotch covering.

Regards,
Reinhard/Ron 

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