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L O W L A N D S - L - 09 January 2007 - Volume 01<br><br>=========================================================================<br><br>From: <span id="_user_theohoman@yahoo.com" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Theo Homan <
<a href="mailto:theohoman@yahoo.com">theohoman@yahoo.com</a>></span><br>Subject: LL-L 'Morphology' 2007.01.08 (07) [E]<br><br><span class="q">> From: John Duckworth <<a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="mailto:johncduckworth@yahoo.co.uk">
johncduckworth@yahoo.co.uk</a>><br>> Subject: Lexica (E./ LS)<br>><br>> Hi, John!<br>><br>> First an admission, to my shame:<br>><br>> For some strange reason I wrote *Swulk* 'swallow'<br>> when I meant to write *
<br>> Swark* ... These things happen mostly because my<br>> mind works faster than my<br>> fingers ... It was already on to the next thing or<br>> two.<br>><br>> Both words have feminine gender.<br><br></span>
<div style="direction: ltr;">Hello,<br><br>If my memory is serving me:<br>Nothing much is known about the origin of 'swark'; but<br>in dutch we have 'zwerk' with the same meaning.<br><br>The archaic word 'zwerk' is known very well because
<br>the famous poet Markies De Canteclaer used it a lot as<br>a rhyming word in his poetical works.<br><br>Am I right that 'swark' is a typical 'english' word,<br>i.e. not-u.s.english a.s.o.?<br><br><a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://vr.gr/" target="_blank">
vr.gr</a>.<br></div><div style="direction: ltr;"><span class="sg">Theo Homan</span></div><br>----------<br><br>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>Subject: Etymology<br><br>
Thanks, Theo.<br><br>The sound correspondences are certainly perfect.<br><br>> Am I right that 'swark' is a typical 'english' word,<br>> i.e. not-u.s.english a.s.o.?<br><br>It's a verb, and it's no longer used, as far as I know, and
<span style="font-style: italic;">The Oxford English Dictionary</span> seems to indicate this too:<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">to swerk </span>'to be(come) gloomy' <br><br>Old English <span style="font-style: italic;">
sweorcan</span> (past <span style="font-style: italic;">swearc</span>), <span style="font-style: italic;">swearcian </span>'to be darkened', 'to be gloomy', 'to be(come) sad', <span style="font-style: italic;">
gisweorc</span> 'cloud'<br><br>Old Saxon <span style="font-style: italic;">swerkan </span>'to become sad', <span style="font-style: italic;">gisworkan</span> 'clouded', 'darkened', <span style="font-style: italic;">
giswerk</span> 'darkness'<br><br>Middle Saxon: <span style="font-style: italic;">swerk</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">swark</span> 'dark clouds', 'sorrow', 'grief'<br><br>Middle Dutch:
<span style="font-style: italic;">gheswerc</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">swerc</span> 'cloudy sky', 'clouds'<br><br>Old German <span style="font-style: italic;">swercan</span> 'to become dark or gloomy',
<span style="font-style: italic;">giswerc</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">kiswork </span>'dark clouds'<br><br>Old English (1205):<br><span style="font-style: italic;">Swurken vnder sunnen sweorte weolcnen.
</span><br><br>My translation:<br>Black clouds darkened the sky beneath the sun.<br>
<br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron
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