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A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian B=Brabantish D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian
L=Limburgish LS=Lowlands Saxon (Low German) N=Northumbrian
S=Scots Sh=Shetlandic V=(West) Flemish Z=Zeelandic (Zeeuws)
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<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 06 February 2007 - Volume 08<br><br>=========================================================================<br><br>From: <span id="_user_sandy@fleimin.demon.co.uk" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">
Sandy Fleming <<a href="mailto:sandy@fleimin.demon.co.uk">sandy@fleimin.demon.co.uk</a>></span><br>Subject: LL-L 'Role Play' 2007.02.06 (04) [E]<br><br><div style="direction: ltr;">I was wondering about role play (or is there a better linguistic term
<br>for this phenomenon?) in Scots, English and British/American/Nicaraguan<br>Sign Languages, and the sort of cues that are used to show a change of<br>role in conversation.<br><br>By role play I mean where a speaker dispenses with the "he said, she
<br>said" sort of speech tags and more or less becomes the people in their<br>discourse.<br><br>In Scots it seems to me that one of the main cues in switching to a<br>different speaker is a pause and an audible intake of breath (not
<br>necessarily in that order). This seems to have some logic to it: it's as<br>if to say that someone in the story is taking a breath to speak, and<br>this is the way a change of speaker is indicated. Tone can also be used
<br>to indicate different speakers, and I think this is particularly true<br>when we have two people being spoken about and one is asking questions<br>and the other answering them, so that the questioning and answering<br>
tones are enough to distinguish the speakers.<br><br>I don't think I've ever really observed this sort of thing in English,<br>on the other hand. I think this may be because it takes a certain kind<br>of speaker to use this sort of feature much, possibly the sort of person
<br>who's used to doing a lot of talking and listening but very little<br>reading and writing. I meet a lot more Scots speakers like that than<br>English speakers, but that's more about the sort of people I meet in
<br>contrasting communities than anything about the English language itself.<br>It's true that the same sort of thing (stretches of dialogue without<br>speech tags) occurs in written conversations, eg in novels, but there's
<br>no way of indicating the cues in writing, the reader has to judge which<br>character is speaking from such things as register and context. So I<br>think it may be that more literate speakers lose some of the dynamics of
<br>the spoken language.<br><br>But do these cues actually differ between languages? And if so, how do<br>they differ between Lowlands languages in particular? I got to thinking<br>about this because a sign language interpreter who's proficient in both
<br>British Sign Language and American Sign Language was saying that in BSL<br>there's much more role play, where as in ASL there's more indicating the<br>speaker with eyegaze. Then again in a programme about Nicaraguan Sign
<br>Language, eye blinks were noted as an important role shift cue, though<br>body shifts as in BSL were also used.<br><br>I have a suspicion that a number of cues must be used in any given<br>language, it's just a question of how much of each, and what sort of
<br>spoken register a person is accustomed to.<br></div><span class="sg"><br>Sandy Fleming<br><a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://scotstext.org/" target="_blank">http://scotstext.org/</a>
<br><br>----------<br><br>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>Subject: Quoting<br><br>Hi, Sandy!<br><br>That's an interesting subject, and I've been thinking about it a fair bit lately.
<br><br>I like commuting by bus, mostly for convenience, relaxation and to people-watching. During my commute home there tend to be lots of young people on the bus, from middle-school students to (post-)graduate students. Many of them talk so loudly that you don't have to try to eavesdrop to hear what they are saying, especially those on their cellphones of course (who are in their own little worlds).
<br><br>What I've been observing lately -- and Kevin (a.k.a. "Teach") and others undoubtedly have observed this too -- is that role switching is an integral part in the speech modes of that generation.<br><br>
In the most commonly encountered styles, the phrase "... (is/go(es)/went) like ..." or "... </span><span class="sg">is/go(es)/went (like)" </span><span class="sg">signals "open quote," i.e. a role switch, and there tends to be a change in tone and voice production in quoting other people as well as put-on facial expressions, or even gestures -- role playing, in other words. For example ...
<br><br>A: So like what did he say then?<br>B: He goes like "What do you mean?", and I </span><span class="sg"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">[[surprised expression]] </span></span><span class="sg">... like "Huh?"
<br>A: Yeah, and when he called <span style="font-style: italic;">me</span> he went like "What's she on about?"<br>B: Each time I bring it up he goes <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">[[big, fake innocent eyes, lowered voice]]
</span> ... "Oh, Oy dohn' know."<br><br>At times, only a facial expression and/or a gesture follows the quotation marker. In other words, you hear a pause if you don't look at the speaker.<br><br>Sometimes the statement it's open-ended;
e.g.,<br><br>And I go like "...."<br><br>... and there's no physical acting. (It lends itself to phone conversations, of course, but isn't limited to it.) This appears to be used when the quote is to be expected;
e.g.,<br><br>A: She went like "Will you hand in your paper tomorrow?"<br>B: What?! She crazy or <span style="font-style: italic;">what</span>?<br>A: Yeah, I go "..."<br><br>I assume this is a marriage of older "he goes, "..." etc. (for past tense) and more recent overuse of "like" as a pause marker. In some conversations I hear this being used completely regularly,
i.e. grammaticalized. And added to this is more elaborate acting.<br><br>Is this at least similar to what you mean, Sandy?<br><br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br><br></span>
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