<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 12 February 2007 - Volume 06<br><br>=========================================================================<br><br>From: <span id="_user_leybl_goldberg@yahoo.com" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">
Lee Goldberg <<a href="mailto:leybl_goldberg@yahoo.com">leybl_goldberg@yahoo.com</a>></span><br>Subject: LL-L 'Yiddish' 2007.02.11 (05) [E]<br><br><div>For Western Yiddish, try the following links:</div> <div>
</div> <div><a href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cria/Current-projects/Yiddish/yiddish.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cria/Current-projects/Yiddish/yiddish.html
</a></div> <div><u><font color="#800080"><a href="http://judaisme.sdv.fr/dialecte/index.htm" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">http://judaisme.sdv.fr/dialecte/index.htm</a></font></u>
</div> <div> </div> <div>The
first link is to the "Language and Cultural Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry"
conducted the 1960s. It had a number of sample audio files on line,
including recordings of Western Yiddish speakers, but the link wasn't
working today when I checked. You might try searching on the title of
the atlas, or the YIVO Institute of Jewish Research, which sponsored
the Atlas, or Prof. Marvin Herzog of Columbia University, the head of
the project. </div> <div> </div> <div>The second link is
specifically about the Alsatian Yiddish dialect, with examples of
jokes, proverbs, and songs, including sound files (for instance, one
located here: <a href="http://judaisme.sdv.fr/dialecte/metzger/index.htm" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">http://judaisme.sdv.fr/dialecte/metzger/index.htm</a>).</div> <div> </div>
<div>Finally,
if print resources are something you'd consider, two books by the late
Solomon/Salomo A. Birnbaum contain pages of sample texts in Western
Yiddish in Roman transcription:</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Yiddish: A Survey and a Grammar</em> (University of Toronto/Manchester Press, Toronto/Manchester: 1979)</div> <div><em>Di jiddische Sprache</em> (Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag: 1997)
</div> <div> </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">From: Mark Williamson < <a href="mailto:node.ue@gmail.com" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">node.ue@gmail.com</a>><br>Subject: LL-L 'Lexicon'
2007.02.10 (03) [E/Yiddish]<br><br>Speaking of which, does anyone know if I can find any information on<br>Western Yiddish online? I've only seen sociolinguistic accounts so <br>far, nothing that actually gives even a vague sample of the language,
<br>except for mediaeval texts.<br><br>Mark</div><br>----------<br><br>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>Subject: Yiddish<br><br>Thanks, Lee.<br><br>I used to have a copy of Birnbaum's German work (bought it at Buske's in Hamburg ages ago), but I don't know in which box it's now ...
<br><br>By the way, it came out again (edited?) in 1986. However, it seems to be sold out.<br><br>The English work costs US $100. Ouch!<br><br>Both of them are in our university library, and I might check them out later.
<br><br><strong style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Die jiddische Sprache : ein kurzer Überblick und Texte aus acht Jahrhunderten</span> / Salomo A. Birnbaum, </strong>
Hamburg : H. Buske, 1986 (ISBN:
3871187445)<br><br><strong style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Yiddish, a survey and a grammar</span> / Solomon A. Birnbaum, </strong>
Toronto ; Buffalo : University of Toronto Press, c1979 (ISBN: 0802053823)<br><br>There are also the following:<br><br><strong style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Praktische Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache für den Selbstunterricht. Mit Lesestücken und einem Wörterbuch
</span>. Von Salomo Birnbaum, </strong>
Wien und Leipzig, A.Hartleben [pref. 1915]<br><br><strong style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache. Mit einem Wörterbuch und Lesestücken</span>, von Salomo A. Birnbaum,
</strong>
Hamburg, Buske [c1966]<br><br>But why, oh why, is it so hard to find the original West Yiddish version of Glikl's memoirs?<br><br>Of course, it would be great to know if there was any interaction between Low Saxon and Yiddish. I suppose that when larger communities of Ashkenazi Jews arrived in 17th-century Northern Germany, German had already made definite inroads there and had been adopted by the elite. Most Ashkenazim arrived from German-speaking areas in the south, and they spoke West Yiddish and German. However, as far as I know, there were still lots of ordinary Gentile people that didn't speak German, and many of them probably didn't understand it either. Which leads me to assume that those Jews that had contact with the general populace must have at least understood Low Saxon, if not also spoken enough of it for professional purposes. Glikl Hameln does write about interactions with such people, but she mentions nothing about the language. However, there were early Ashkenazi settlers in Northern Germany before the main immigration wave. Most of those immigrated in the 16th century when German encroachment was barely beginning, the Hanseatic League was breathing its last, and Low Saxon was still used extensively. So I assume that these early settlers did use Low Saxon in public. However, there were Jewish communities in several smaller North German cities and towns where Low Saxon remained the predominant language among ordinary people as late as in the 19th century, or even later.
<br><br>As for Ladino speakers, I believe it is fairly safe to say that many of them understood and spoke Low Saxon at least soon after their arrival in Hamburg from Portugal (and they are said to have been proficient in Portuguese, Ladino and Spanish and remained so for several generations). They constantly intermarried with the Sephardi community of Amsterdam, so I assume that there was a fair bit of Dutch profiency among them in both cities.
<br><br>Both Sephardi and Ashkenazi communities of Hamburg then created offshoots in Copenhagen, and new communities were established in Schleswig-Holstein, which was intermittently under Danish rule. So this means that eventually Danish came to be thrown into this already interesting mix.
<br><br>Talking about "West Yiddish," I wonder if you are aware that people use this label to refer to Yiddish spoken in Belgium and the Netherlands today. As far as I can tell, those are East Yiddish dialects imported to the west, with Dutch and French imfluences. What is your assessment, Lee?
<br><br>Thanks.<br>Reinhard/Ron<br><br>