<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 03 March 2007 - Volume 03</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Subject: Idiomatica<br><br>Sandy wrote under "Anecdotes":<br><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">> </span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">This bell or clock was put there, ...
</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">> clock: cf French "cloche"?
</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">"Bell" and "clock" (and their equivalents in different varieties) used to be virtually synonymous. English "clock" originally meant "bell." After all, few individuals owned clocks, and everyone went by the church bell or by the professional hour keeper (who tended to walk around in the streets calling out the hour while ringing a bell).
</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">While most European languages now distinguish "bell" and "clock," Low Saxon and Icelandic (and Faeroese?) belong to the modern ones that use the same word in all contexts:
</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">English: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
bell</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">clock</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">| </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">... </span>o'clock</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Scots: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">bell</span> (clock)</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">clock</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
| </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">... </span>o'clock</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
(?)</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L. Saxon: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">klok
</span> (Klock)</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klok </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
(Klock)</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klok ... </span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
(Klock ...)</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Dutch: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klok</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
| </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klok ~ uurwerk</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">... </span>uur</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Afrikaans: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
klok</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">uur</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">... </span>uur</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">German: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Glocke</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Uhr</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
... Uhr</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Yiddish: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">glok</span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
(קלאָק)</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">zeyger</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
(זייגער)</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">... a zeyger</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
(אַ זייגער ...)*</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Danish: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klokke</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">ur</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klokken ...</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
**</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Norwegian: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klokke</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
| </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">ur</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
| </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klokken ...</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Swedish: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klocka</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
ur</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
klockan ...</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Icelandic: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
bjalla ~ klukka</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klukka</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> | </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klukkan ...</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
**</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old English: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
belle ~ clucge</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old Frisian: </span>
<span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klokke</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old Saxon: ?</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old L. Frank.: ?</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old German: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
glokka ~ scella ~ skilla</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old Norse: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">bjalla ~ k</span>lokka</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Gothic: </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">skilla</span></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;" size="2"><br></font><font style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" size="2">
* </font><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">literally </span><font style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" size="2">"... a clock"<br>** </font><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
literally </span><font style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" size="2">"the bell ..."</font><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Examples:</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">English: </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
It is <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">three o'clock</span> right now.<br></span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L. Saxon: </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Dat is jüst nu
</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">klok drey</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
(</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Dat is jüst nu <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">Klock dree</span>.</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">)</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">German: </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Es ist gerade <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">drei Uhr</span>.<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
English: </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Come <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">at half past six</span>!<br></span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L. Saxon: </span>
<span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Kaam <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">klok halvig soeven</span>! </span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">(</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Kaam <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">Klock halvig s</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">œven</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"></span>!</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">)* **</span>
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">German: </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Komm <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">um halb sieben
</span>!** </span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">* The ordinary word for "half" is </span>
<span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">halv</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"> (</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
half</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">) in Low Saxon, but in time expressions it is </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
halvig</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">.</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
** literally "half seven"</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">