<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 03 May 2007 - Volume 03</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">From: </span><span id="_user_didimasure@hotmail.com" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Diederik Masure <<a href="mailto:didimasure@hotmail.com">
didimasure@hotmail.com</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Subject: LL-L "Language maintenance" 2007.05.02 (09) [E]</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font style="font-size: 11px; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><span class="q">Anyway,
thanx for the info about Nynorsk. The other day I was evaluating a
computer software package and it stated that it supported Nynorsk. I
paused and thought "What the heck is Nynorsk?" and went on. You see,
it is becoming even more important for 'computers' to be able to
operate in a number of languages and dialects. <br>>>><br><br></span>Which software was it? I'm still busy replacing all my English/Bokmål software wiht Nynorsk ones<span class="q"><br><br>while
Dano-Norwegian, based on Danish, an East Scandinavian language, evolved
over a long time (and took on more West Scandinavian features more
recently, such as lots of older Norwegian words and also things like
genitive after nouns, such as <span style="font-style: italic;">far min</span> "father mine" = "my father'). <br>>>> <br><br></span>The
posessive pronoun (and only these genitives) behind the word it belongs
to, is indeed used in all Norwegian dialects, but most/many(?) older
(now vanishing) Swedish dialects had this too. So I'm not sure if this
really was a East/West distinction. Danish doesn't have it at least
(making it rather north-south? I am not sure what old Danish would
have, maybe it's even a Low German intrusion, putting it <em>in front? )</em><br>In
some Swedish prose and poetry one may still encounter it. My Swedish
teacher told me that most Swedes don't use it anymore (she doesn't
anyway) but that it does <em>not </em>sound unnatural to them when
they encounter it. (as would 'vader mijn' in Dutch). I would rather
believe that the "min fa(de)r" in Swedish is due to the written
language and Rikssvensk expansion? Thus being a quite recent change.
Also here a Low Saxon influence, on the written language and on the
language in bigger cities like Stockholm is not unthinkable. (my
teacher is from Stockholm)</font><br><br>----------<br><br></font><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">From: R. R. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><span id="_user_didimasure@hotmail.com" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Subject: Grammar</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Hi, Diederik!</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">You are right, sort of. My mention of "East" and "West" put an undesirable spin on this. I should have left it with "Norwegian vs Danish."
<br><br>I'll take this a bit further, despite being a bit outside our focus, since there is your mention of a possible link with Low Saxon.</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Now, you are right in saying that the position of possessive pronouns in Scandinavian is not strictly devided by Western Scandinavian versus Eastern Scandinavian. You may be correct in saying that foreign (Saxon) influence caused it to shift in Danish, considering also that Old Gutnish has the
<span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">[</span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">noun]</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
[pronoun]</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> construction. And yes, Jamtlandish (E. Scan.) and many Swedish dialects have it in post-nominal position. However, Standard Swedish and Southern Swedish dialects also use the post-nominal position. From the Wren story (
</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">[pronoun]</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> <span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">[</span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
noun]</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">):</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">De hade velat finna mat till
</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">sina</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
ungar</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> ... [their young]</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">"Varför tar du dig för att komma till
</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">vårt</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
hus</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">", väser
han, "för att skrämma </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">mina</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
barn</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">?"
[our house] [my children]</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">I consider the [noun]+[pron] structure in today's written Standard Dano-Norwegian (Bokmål) a case of "re-Norvegianization." In earlier days, the language was much more Danish, and Norwegian writers by and large followed Danish grammar, probably also talked like that (while ordinary Norwegians probably spoke with a more Norwegian twist). Look at Henrik Ibsen's work
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Fru Inger til Østråt,</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> for instance; e.g.,</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><pre style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
... fortæl mig et af <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);">dine</span> <span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">eventyr</span>. <br>[... tell me one of <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);">
your</span> <span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">stories</span>.]<br><br>Har du glemt, hvor tidt og mange gange vi sad som børn på <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);">dine</span> <span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">
knæ</span> om vinterkvelden? <br>[Have you forgotten, our time and (the) many times we sat on <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);">your</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">
knees</span> on winter evenings as children?]<br><br>Lucia, <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);">min</span> kæreste <span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">søster<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
...<br>[Lucia, my dearest sister ...]</span></span><br><br>... jeg kunde rive <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);">mine</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">øjne</span>
ud af hovedet <br>[... I could rub <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);">my</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">eyes</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</span>out of "the head"]<br></pre><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">