<font size="2"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 08 May 2007 - Volume 01</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
</font><font style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;" size="2">From: <span id="_user_wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Paul Finlow-Bates <<a href="mailto:wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk">wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk
</a>></span><br>Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2007.05.06 (02) [E/German]</font><font size="2"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Does Old Scandinavian have a cognate? Yes, apparently only Old East Scandinavian, roughly Old Danish and Old Swedish: </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">borg</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
. An early Old Saxon loan (considering geographic proximity)? Old Saxon has </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">burg</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> (> Middle Saxon
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">burg</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: italic;">
burch</span></span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">borg</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> , </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
borch</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> > Modern </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Borg</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> ). Furthermore, Gothic, whose origin is somewhere in today's Southern Sweden, has
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">baurgs</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> .</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
</font>
<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;" size="2">Regarding Norse place names in Normandy, I can only find two so far:</font></div>
<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font size="2"> </font></div>
<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;" size="2">- Briquebec, which would possibly equate an English *Brickbeck*, or more likely *Birkbeck* (that one actually exists).;
</font></div>
<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;" size="2">-
Hambye, which without the "e" on the end, wouldn't look out of place in
Lincolnshire or Leicestershire. *Hamby* would actually be an Old
English/Norse hybrid, since "ham" and "by" both effectively mean the
same thing - the place appears to be called "village-village"!</font></div>
<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font size="2"> </font></div>
<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font size="2">The
presence of a Saxon root in Normandy, if that's what it is, is
interesting. The Norse equivalent of "ham" would be "heimr", so I
wouldn't expect a modern "ham" form to arise from that. The Saxons did
settle in the Loire Valley, so there is a possible connection there.</font></div>
<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font size="2"> </font></div>
<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Paul Finlow-Bates<br><br>----------<br><br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>Subject: History<br><br>Thanks for bringing this thread back home, Paul.
<br><br>As for Briquebec, I wrote the following:<br></font><ul style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><li><font size="2"><span style="font-style: italic;">Bricquebec
</span>= <span style="font-style: italic;">Briquebé (/brikbe/) </span>< *<span style="font-style: italic;">Brekbekk </span>"slope brook"</font></li></ul><font size="2">Hambye is indeed a very interesting one, especially if it is connected with Hamby in England. Your literal translation "village village" already points at it. At first it seems "typically British" in the context of Germanic place names, in that apparently the same word appears in different languages, the second of which is Scandinavian. But we need to be very cautious here.
<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">Ham-</span> can be derived from more than one source:<br></font><ol><li><font size="2">< Old English <span style="font-style: italic;">-ham</span> < <i>hám</i> 'town', 'village', 'manor' < "home"
<br></font></li><li><font size="2">< Old English <span style="font-style: italic;">ham(m)</span> or Old Frisian <span style="font-style: italic;">ham</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">hem</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">
him</span> 'meadow land enclosed by a ditch', cf. Low Saxon <span style="font-style: italic;">Hamm</span><span style="font-style: italic;">ham</span> and Western Flemish </font></li><li><font size="2">Old Northern French
<span style="font-style: italic;">*ham</span> (cf. Picard <span style="font-style: italic;">ham</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">hem</span>) > dim. <span style="font-style: italic;">hamel</span> > <span style="font-style: italic;">
hameau</span> 'village', probably derived from Germanic (see 1)</font></li><li><font size="2">< Saxon or Low Franconian <span style="font-style: italic;">ham</span> < <span style="font-style: italic;">hame</span>
(e.g., Dutch <span style="font-style: italic;">haam</span>, Westphalian Low Saxon <span style="font-style: italic;">Ham</span> ~ <span style="font-style: italic;">Haam</span>) 'to restrain', 'to hinder' > English
<span style="font-style: italic;">hame</span> 'curved piece in or forming a restraint collar for a draft animal'<br></font></li></ol><font size="2">Of course, the <span style="font-style: italic;">-by</span> part makes Hambye look English. It would be interesting to find out how old the name
<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> is. I don't think it is inconceivable that it was taken along by people that left England with the retreating Normans. Also, please bear in mind that Saxons haunted the coast of what are now Flanders and Normandy (as well as Britain) even prior to settling in Britain and that they settled here and there along that coast, which apparently accounts for what seem like Saxonisms in Western Flemish. I can imagine place names with
<span style="font-style: italic;">-by</span> to have come naturally to alliances of Northern Saxons, Angles and Jutes, as you find many such place names in Northern Schleswig-Holstein, apart from Denmark.<br><br>So, as far as I am concerned, it's still a fascinating mystery.
<br><br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br><br></font></div><font size="2"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"></font>