<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 23 May 2007 - Volume 02</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">From: </span><span id="_user_altkehdinger@freenet.de" style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Jonny Meibohm <<a href="mailto:altkehdinger@freenet.de">
altkehdinger@freenet.de</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2007.05.22 (03) [E/German]</span><br><br><div><span><font face="Courier">
Beste
Ron,</font></span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">if it's not too boring
for you let's go on for one more time with our 'letterey' (could be a good
synonyme for 'etymology' ;-)).</font></span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">You
wrote:</font></span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><span><font color="#008080" face="Courier"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">> "Letter" was a very well established
word, no longer perceived as foreign, by the Middle Saxon stage. I hardly think
people would have </span></font></span></div>
<div><span><font face="Courier"><font color="#008080"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">> confused </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: italic;">*
</span>lotterye</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> with</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
letterye</span></font><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font color="#008080">.</font> </span></font></span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier"><font face="Arial"><font color="#008080"><span>> </span>Even if <span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">letter</span></font></font><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<font color="#008080"> wasn't part of the
original name for this in Saxon, the practice could have been renamed by that
time. </font></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">A French
loanword as godfather for a heathen LS custom?</font></span></div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">If it is
derived from Latin 'lit[t]era' I think it should have been germanized
as 'litterey' or even 'lytterey'. Just if it came from French it could have
been 'letterey' (see below).</font></span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">According to the
<strong>English Wiktionary</strong> and <strong>Harper</strong> (see links
below) the word 'letter' came into Middle English after A.D. 1066 by French
influence.</font></span></div>
<div> </div>
<div><font face="Courier"><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/letter" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/letter</a></font></div>
<div> </div>
<div><font face="Courier"><a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=letter&searchmode=none" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=letter&searchmode=none
</a></font></div>
<div> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">And <strong>GRIMM
</strong>says:</font></span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier"><font face="Times New Roman"><sup> </sup> </font><a name="112b911bd8b88009_GL04962L0"></a></font><font face="Times New Roman"><em>LETTER</em>, <i>f.</i> <i>buchstabe, aus dem franz. lettre
übernommen. das spätere mhd. braucht die form</i> litter, <i>nach dem lat.</i>
littera: <i>littera</i> <font color="#ff0000"><strong>l</strong><strong>ytter</strong> </font><em>D</em><em>IEF.</em> 334<sup>a</sup>; </font></span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><font face="Courier">(</font><a href="http://germazope.uni-trier.de/Projects/WBB/woerterbuecher/dwb" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)"><font face="Courier"><span><font color="#000000">
</font></span>http://germazope.uni-trier.de/Projects/WBB/woerterbuecher/dwb</font></a><font face="Courier"> <span>)</span></font></div>
<div><font face="Courier"><span></span></font> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">I don't think that it
came earlier into Middle Low Saxon on the continent, but possibly some monks or
other authorities being familiar with writing and
reading <em>could</em> have used it before to denote any heathen 'Scrabble'
;:-), and insofar I have to agree with you.</font></span></div>
<div> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">But this implies that
there had been a Germanic word before, doesn't it? Because we are d'accord that
this custom per se must have been of pre-christianic origin.</font></span></div>
<div> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">If you take another look
at the original text you'll find that the author avoids using any
Latin word, and I think <strong>that</strong> was the (Lutheranian)
idea behind the whole text- to get away from the 'mysterious' Latin of the
Catholic Church which people couldn't understand and preach or
teach in the language of the natives.</font></span></div>
<div> </div>
<div><font face="Courier">
<p style="margin: 2pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 9pt;" lang="DE"><font color="#000080" size="3">Dat erste
ghebot</font></span></b></p>
<p style="margin: 2pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;" lang="DE"><font color="#000080" size="3">Dat ys dat erste unses heren
ghebot,<br>Hebbe leef unde anbede eynen god;<br>Lat ungheloue unde
wykerye,<br>Unde <font color="#ff0000">letterye</font> unde touerie.<br>Do allen
luden also<br>Du welt dat men dy do.<br>Wat du auer leuer heuest dan god,<br>Da
is dyn afgod,<br>Da sy brut, wyf,<br>Edder kynt, de werlt gud, ere edder
lyff.</font></span></p></font></div>
<div> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">So- why didn't the author
use the original Germanic word in this special case???</font></span></div>
<div> </div>
<div><span><font face="Courier">As so often in
etymologicals- we don't know the answer and perhaps never
will...</font></span></div>
<div> </div>
<div align="left"><font face="Courier">Allerbest!</font></div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left"><font face="Courier">Jonny Meibohm</font></div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<span><font face="Courier">(BTW: I like
the word very much and shall try to 're-animate' it: 'Wat is dat denn
weller foyr 'n doysige Letterey hier?!' ;-)</font></span><br><br><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Subject: Etymology<br><br>I understand your trepidation, Jonny.<br><br>But we are talking <span style="font-weight: bold;">
Middle</span> Saxon here, 16th century. Even ancient practices can be renamed, especially if they are deemed evil by the Latin-centered clergy. Think of English "to divine," "divination," "to tell fortunes" etc. All these practices go back to pre-Christian times but ended up being called by Latinate names even by the common people.
<br><br>Old Norse already has <span style="font-style: italic;">letr</span> for 'letter', 'writing', etc.<br><br>But what if the "letter" we are talking about isn't even involved here? Perhaps it's another root word, the verb *
<span style="font-style: italic;">let-</span> whose performer is a *<span style="font-style: italic;">letter</span>, and this *<span style="font-style: italic;">letter</span> practises *<span style="font-style: italic;">lettery
</span>.<br><br>Now -- hold on to your socks! -- Middle German has <span style="font-style: italic;">letzelen</span>, which is described as <span style="font-style: italic;">ein verbotenes Spiel</span> ("a prohibited game") by
W.E.Gonzenbach in </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Mittheilungen zur vaterländischen Geschichte</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 2 (1863). (It appears for instance in the
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">St.Galler Stadtbuch</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> and has also been mentioned in </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
St.Gallische Handschriften</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> of 1859.)</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
The stem of </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: italic;">l</span>etzelen</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> would be </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
letz-(e)l-</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> in which the </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">-l-</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> part is the frequentive or iterative (with a diminutive touch) denoting repeated "small" actions (as for instance in Low Saxon
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">warkeln</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 'to tinker' vs </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
warken</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 'to work (with one's hands)', or German </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tropfen</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
'to drip' vs </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tröpfeln</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 'to drip', 'to dribble', and in fact English </span>
<span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">dribble</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> vs now archaic </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">drib</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">).</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">So perhaps this Middle German *</span>
<span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">letzer</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> is the equivalent of the Middle Saxon *</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
letter</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">. Sound-shift-wise it's perfect.</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Old German has </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">lezzen</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> and Middle German </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
letzen</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 'to hinder', 'to obstruct', 'to hamper', 'to delay', 'to damage', 'to injure', hence Modern German </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
verletzen </span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">'to injure'. And English has the archaic verb "to let" in the sense of 'to hinder', 'to hamper', 'to prevent', 'to delay', related to the above-mentioned and also to Old Frisian
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">letta</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, Old Saxon </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">lettian</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, Dutch </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">letten</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, Old Norse </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
letja</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> and Gothic </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">latjan</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> -- and all of these are related to "late".
</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">OK now. This may seem like a weak candidate until you consider the apparently related Old German adjective
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">lezzī</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 'evil', 'wicked', 'wrong', 'perverse'. </span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Do you think we're getting somewhere now, Jonny? If this holds any water, we'd have to say that it's a negative word. What the game was called by those that played it we may never know. Power was in the hands of literate Christians.
</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Kumpelmenten,</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br>