<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 14 July 2007 - Volume 02</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
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From: R. F. Hahn <</span><a style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;" href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">sassisch@yahoo.com</a><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Subject: Etymology<br><br>Sandy <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>,<br><br>This is a follow-up on our discussion about place names with "ham," and it is a crossover from the "History" thread.
<br><br>Turns out that this "ham" is etymologically related to English (<span style="font-style: italic;">hemm</span> >) "hem" with the meaning 'border' (> 'border of a garment'). It is further related to the following:
<br></span><ul style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><li>German <span style="font-style: italic;">hemm-</span> (<span style="font-style: italic;">hemmen</span>) 'to stop', 'to hinder', 'to curb', 'to check', 'to restrain', southern dialects 'to enclose lifestock'
<br> </li><li>Old English <span style="font-style: italic;">hemman</span> 'to hinder', 'to curb', 'to check', 'to restrain', 'to stop (up)', 'to shut'</li><li>Old Norse <span style="font-style: italic;">
hemja</span> 'to restrain', 'to curb', 'to check', 'to force'; <span style="font-style: italic;">hemill</span> 'hobbling device'<br></li><li>Old Frisian <span style="font-style: italic;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">ham</span></span>, <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>hamm, hem</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">him</span> 'enclosed pasture', 'fighting/battle arena'
</li><li>North Frisian <span style="font-style: italic;">heam</span> 'hem', 'edge', 'border'</li><li>Old Saxon <span style="font-style: italic;">ham</span> 'meadow', 'nook', 'corner', 'bay' (< *'enclosed pasture')
</li><li>Low Saxon <span style="font-style: italic;">Hamm</span> 'enclosed land', Rhenish 'meadow' (> Northern German)</li><li>Western Flemish: <span style="font-style: italic;">ham</span> 'meadow'
</li><li>Indo-European <span style="font-style: italic;">*kem-</span> 'to enclose with wickerwork (> fence)'</li><li>Greek <span style="font-style: italic;">κημόσ kēmós</span> 'woven urn lid', 'fish trap', 'muzzle'
</li></ul><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br><br></span>