<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 22 July 2007 - Volume 01</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">From: </span><span id="_user_ezinsser@icon.co.za" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Elsie Zinsser</span><span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: arial,sans-serif;" class="lg">
<<a href="mailto:ezinsser@icon.co.za">ezinsser@icon.co.za</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2007.07.21 (01) [E/V]
</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><p style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span><font color="black" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">Haai almal, </span></font></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span><font color="black" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;" lang="DE">Mark, ek is bly jy het die
allematjiesfontein geniet! </span></font></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span><font color="black" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">My pa sou dit sê as 'n lui kind 'n A in Wiskunde sou kry;<br>vir 'n kind se nuwe kar; as
hy lekker aan die skaapboud en<br>poeding gesmul het of as 'n moerkoffetjie lekker smaak. </span></font></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span><font color="black" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">Opvattenderwys, vir alles wat bakgat is!</span></font></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span><font color="black" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;" lang="DE">Groete,<br>Elsie Zinsser</span></font></span></p><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com
</a>></span><span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: arial,sans-serif;" class="lg"></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Subject: Etymology</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Dear Lowlanders,</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
I'm kind of surprised we haven't discussed </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">this</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> one yet. Or </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
have</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> we?</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">I rather suspect that after the withdrawal of Norman power from Britain English held on to the Old French loan "touch" (<
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">touche</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> < </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">touchi</span>
< OF <i style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tochier</i><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> ~ </span><i style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tuchier</i><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">)* because it was a convenient, one-syllable form of a frequently needed verb as opposed to more cumbersome native equivalents, none of which is semantically dedicated to 'touch'.
</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old English:</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
grœ́tan, gegrœ́tan</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">: touch, hold, attack, visit, affix, play</span><br style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
getillan, tillan</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">: touch, reach, arrive at</span><br style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
grāpian</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">: touch, grab, grope, feel</span><br style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">hrepian
</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">: touch, attack</span><br style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">hrīnan</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
: touch, beat, hit, seize, reach</span><br style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">þaccian</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
: touch, beat, hit, pet, stroke, caress</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Cf.</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old Frisian: </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">anslā</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
gisla</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">bigunga</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
onfā</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">ontasta</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
ontiā</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old Saxon: </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">andhrīnan</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">bihrīnan</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">hrīnan</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">grīpan</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<p style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span><font color="black" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">"Inconvenience" remains in modern descendants other than English and Scots in that words for 'to touch' tend to be "split" verbs; cf.
<br><br>Low Saxon:<br><span style="font-style: italic;">anfaten</span> 'to touch'<br><span style="font-style: italic;">anrögen</span> </span></font></span><span><font color="black" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">
'to touch'</span></font></span></p>
<span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Faat</span> dat nich <span style="font-weight: bold;">an</span>!<br><span style="font-weight: bold;">R</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<font color="black" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ö</span></span></font><font color="black" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"><span style="font-style: italic;">
ög' </span></span></font></span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">dat nich <span style="font-weight: bold;">an</span>!</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Don't </span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">touch</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> it/that!</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">As you can probably tell in the Old English lineup above, there is an apparently native cognate of Old French </span><i style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tochier</i><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
~ </span><i style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tuchier</i><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> (> </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">toucher</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
) and its Romance relatives, such as Occitan </span><i style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">toquar</i><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, </span><i style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tocar</i><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
, </span><i style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tochar</i><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, Spanish </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tocar</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
, Portuguese </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tocar</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, and Italian </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
toccare</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> (also Romanian </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tocà</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 'to knock'):
</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
þaccian</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">: touch, beat, hit, pet, stroke, caress</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Cf.:</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Old Saxon </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">thakolōn</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
pet, stroke, caress</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The Romance words have been suspected of originating in a Germanic loan (
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">OED</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">):</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><font style="color: rgb(102, 51, 0);" size="2">The passage of the sense 'knock, strike' into that of 'touch'
(in Fr., etc.), is like that of Eng. 'thrust, push' into 'put': a
stroke at its lightest is a mere touch. The Romanic <i>toccare</i> has been held, after Diez, to be from an OLG. <i>*tokkôn</i>, <i>*tukken</i>, MLG. <i>tocken</i>, <i>tucken</i>, = OHG. <i>zocchôn</i>, <i>zucchen</i>,
'to draw or pull with force, pluck'; but a change of sense from 'pull'
to 'knock' is inexplicable, and it is a more probable view that <i>toccare</i> was not from German, but an onomatop<span style="font-style: italic;">́</span></font><font style="color: rgb(102, 51, 0);" size="2">œic formation of the Romanic langs. from the syllable
<i>toc</i> imitating a knock. <i>Tocken</i>,
in its own sense 'draw', is still in use in LG. and in parts of Holland
on the German frontier, but not in Dutch itself. But the South
Netherlands (Flanders, Antwerp, etc.) use now, as in Kilian's time, a
vb. <i>tokken</i> in the same sense as the <i>toquer</i>, <i>touker</i>
of Old Northern French and its modern dialects, whence this has prob.
been taken over. There is thus a gap in local continuity, as well as in
sense, between the German and Romanic words. (Cf. Diez s.v. <i>Toccare</i>, Scheler s.v. <i>Toucher</i>, Körting 9802 <i>Tukkôn</i>; Gaston Paris in <i>Romania</i> XXVII. 626.)</font><br></div><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">I share the skepticism and suggest that, if we </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">are</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> dealing with a Germanic loan, it would be *
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">þak-</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 'to caress' instead (i.e., Old Saxon </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
thakolōn</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, Old English </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">þaccian</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">), a verb that is related to "thatch", "deck", etc., namely in the sense of 'to cover (with one's hand)', which however goes back to Indo-European *
</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">dag-</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 'to touch', 'to hit upon', 'to attack'.</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">* Anglo-Norman: </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tucher, tuchier; tocher, tochier, toucher, tuscher; thoucher
</span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">; </span><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Modern Jersey Norman <span style="font-style: italic;">touchi</span></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">