<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 23 October 2007 - Volume 07</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Song Contest: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/contest/">lowlands-l.net/contest/</a> (- 31 Dec. 2007)</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">From: </span>
<span id="_user_mrdreyer@lantic.net" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25); font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Mark Dreyer <<a href="mailto:mrdreyer@lantic.net">mrdreyer@lantic.net</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Subject: LL-L "Phonology" 2007.10.23 (01) [E/Z]</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
Hi, Ingmar:</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Subject: LL-L "Phonology"</div><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;" class="q">
<div> </div>
<div>If I remember correctly, Older Afrikaans
and / or certain "coloured" <br>varieties of Afrikaans show something
similar to Scots in having<br>diphthonguized î, but unchanged û: 'y' as
in St Afr 'y' / Dutch 'ij' in<br>words like 'ys', but 'uu' for St Afr/Dutch
'ui' in words like 'huus', <br>not 'huis'. But I'm sure our SA members
can tell us more about this.</div>
<div> </div></span>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Yes, we call it afronding - the
shape we put our lips in to articulate the 'U' the 'UU' 'UI' etc. My wife, who
notwithstanding being Californian can ordinarily handle the most arcane
vowel-sounds, finds this too much, so I suppose its too much to expect it of
everyone.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">In my youth people going for
auditions in the Afrikaans service of the S A Broadcasting Corporation esed to
test people for their ability to pronounce them, & if you couldn't you
didn't get the job. that was until about the early eighties, but after that they
took a slacker line, which I take is a pretty clear indication of the direction
the Taal itself is taking.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">I for my part see the merits of
afronding. Slipping into the alternave makes for far too many homophones for my
comfort:</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Luis = louse - lys =
list</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Huis = house - hys = to
winch</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Put = waterhole - pit =
pip</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Vuur = fire - vier =
four</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Kul = bamboozle - kil =
frigid</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">& so on.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">To accomodate the need for
lucidity would bring into being other necessary changes in Afrikaans, & as I
have read, initial changes in a language are not invariably good for the
language. After all, language is for communication, not so?</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Yrs,</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Mark<br><br>----------<br><br>From: <span id="_user_jorgepot@gmail.com" style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">Jorge Potter <<a href="mailto:jorgepot@gmail.com">jorgepot@gmail.com
</a>></span><br>Subject: LL-L "Phonology" 2007.10.23 (01) [E/Z]<br>
<br>
<div><div>Dear Ron,</div>
<div> </div>
<div>I quote what Ingmar quoted from you.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>It is exciting to be back in the group again, especially, since most of the Dutch and a lot of the Afrikaans I can now read.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>I am writing only to find out where the phonetic symbols you use are located, so that I can learn them.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Tnx,</div><span class="sg">
<div> </div>
<div>Jorge Potter<br><br><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span class="q" id="q_115cef1809465304_5">> Interestingly, while Saxon and West Flemish resisted all<br>> diphthongization, Scots did participate in the the diphthongization
<br>> of /ii/ (the non-rounded counterpart of /uu/), at least to about the
<br>> stage English was at in Early Modern (Elizabethan) English: /ii/ ><br>> [əı]; e.g.<br>><br>> Saxon (ii): tîd > Tied, bî > bie, mîn > mien, lîna > Lien<br><br></span></span><div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
> W. Flemish (ii): tîd > tied, bî > bie, mîn > mien, lîne > lien<br> </div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span><br>> Scots (ii > əı): tíd > tide, bí > by, líne > line<br></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">> English (ii > *əı > aı): tíd > tide, bí > by, líne > line <br> </div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span>> German (ii > * əı > aı): zît > Zeit, bî > bei, lîna > Leine<br>> Dutch (ii > əı ~> aı): tîd > tijd, bî > bij, lîne > lijn
<br>><br>> Incidentally, what is interesting is that (broad) Australian (and New<br>> Zealand) English is now beginning to undergo another round of this.<br>> What in other English dialects are [uː] (too, soon, boot) and [iː]
<br></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">> (tea, eel, deep) have developed into "slight" diphthongs, something<br> </div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span>> like [ʊʉː] ~ [ɤʉː] (too, soon, boot) and [ıiː] ~ [əiː] (tea, eel,<br></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">> deep) respectively, probably something very similar to the diphthongs <br> </div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span>> English had in words like "house" and "tide" in late Middle English,<br>> just prior to the Early Middle English stage. <br>>
<br>> I believe that this is the reason why what in other English dialects<br>> is [aı] (might, bite, p ie) Downunder had to shift to an open [ɑı]<br></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">> (that to many uninitiated people sounds like "oy") because /ɛı/ (mate,<br> </div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span>> bait, p ay) became [aı] in order to distance itself from /ii/ (-> <br></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">> [ıiː] ~ [əiː], meat, beet, pea) for distinction purposes. At the same<br> </div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span>> time, /au/ (l ouse, crown, foul) shifted to [ɜʊ] to distance itself<br></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">> from /uu/ (-> [ʊʉː] ~ [ɤʉː], loose, croon, fool). This may have begun <br> </div>
<div style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span>> in Cockney and developed farther Downunder.</span></div></div><br>----------<br><br>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>Subject: Phonology<br><br>Hey, Jorge!<br><br>What a thrill it is to have you back! <br><br>Folks, remember Jorge? Those of you who came on board after his (unceremonious) departure, please meet Jorge Potter, our returning resident
<span style="font-style: italic;">borinqueño </span>(Puerto-Rican)!</div></span></div><br>So, Jorge, by the sound of it you've become pretty serious about this stuff, have done your homework and are willing to learn more. Great! I hope we had a little bit to do with motivating you. Keep it up, and you might get the Kahuna to notice you (
<a href="http://www.lowlands-l.net/treasures/kahuna.htm">http://www.lowlands-l.net/treasures/kahuna.htm</a>).<br><br>To get to your request ...<br><ul><li>You can use all the special symbols I use if you use Arial Unicode MS font to read what I post, alternatively another large Unicode font (though few have quite as many characters). If you don't have it loaded in your e-mail program, just copy the relevant text and then paste it into a document MS Word or any other word-processing program and then highlight it ans assign to it Arial Unicode MS or whatever.
</li></ul><ul><li>The characters you are curious about are those of the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet). You can read up on them for instance here:</li><ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet">
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet</a></li><li><a href="http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/">http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/</a> (with sound files)<br></li><li><a href="http://www.paulmeier.com/ipa/charts.html">
http://www.paulmeier.com/ipa/charts.html</a> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">(with sound files -- excellent for beginners!)</span><br></li><li><a href="http://www.unil.ch/ling/page30184.html">http://www.unil.ch/ling/page30184.html
</a> (course)</li><li><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ipa.htm">http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ipa.htm</a><br></li></ul></ul><ul><li>Most people use SAMPA, an e-mail format ASCII-based substitute for the IPA:</li>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/">http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/</a> (scroll down to find extensions)<br></li><li><a href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/american.htm">http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/american.htm
</a> (American English)</li><li><a href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/english.htm">http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/english.htm</a> (British English)</li><li><a href="http://familientagebuch.de/rainer/2007/38.html#4">
http://familientagebuch.de/rainer/2007/38.html#4</a> (converter, in German)</li></ul></ul></div><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Don't be a stranger now, Jorge!</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron<br><br>P.S.: Jorge, have you checked out our online presentations? Help will always be appreciated.
<br><a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/</a><br><a href="http://lowlands-l.net/gallery/">http://lowlands-l.net/gallery/</a><br><a href="http://www.lowlands-l.net/travels/">http://www.lowlands-l.net/travels/
</a><br></span>