<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 05 November 2007 - Volume 02
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Song Contest: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/contest/">lowlands-l.net/contest/</a> (- 31 Dec. 2007)</span>
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<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: wim <<a href="mailto:wkv@home.nl">wkv@home.nl</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2007.11.04 (04) [A]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hi!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Schor ( skor) Means I think your voice feels like it has been sand dusted with sand paper</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Schuren, (to sandpaper a piece of wood),</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Wim [Verdoold]
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="mailto:wkv@home.nl">wkv@home.nl</a></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Zwolle nederland</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Jaap Liek</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:ir.j.liek@gmail.com">ir.j.liek@gmail.com
</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology"
2007.11.03 (03) [E]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> From: Ted < </span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="mailto:tedshore@sympatico.ca">tedshore@sympatico.ca
</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Subject: origin of 'Schore"</span>
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Johannes de Schore is listed as living near the west cost of England</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> in Lincolnshire. I am interested in any insight into the origins of
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Schore. I am not a linguist, but I have found the following</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> information from various sources, and I'd appreciate any comments on</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> the validity of what I have gathered:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> A Schorre is a contemporary Dutch word, meaning 'areas of brackish,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> shallow water usually found in coastal areas and in deltas. There are</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> also inland marshes in arid areas where the water has a high salt
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> level because of evaporation.' From another source, a 'Schorre' is</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> described as a Dutch word that refers to that part of a salt marsh</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> covered by high tides. 'Schore' is an example of a Low Saxon</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> loanword. It is one of several words from the areas of shipping and
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> trading which seem to be from the Middle Low Saxon language of the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Hanseatic Trading League days. The Hanseatic League was an alliance of</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> trading guilds that established and maintained a trade monopoly over</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> the Baltic Sea, to a certain extent the North Sea, and most of
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Northern Europe for a time in the Late Middle Ages and the early</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> modern period, between the 13th and 17th centuries. The dominant</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> language of trade was Mittelniederdeutsch (Middle Low German), a</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> dialect with significant impact for countries involved in the trade,
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> particularly the larger Scandinavian languages. Middle Low Saxon and</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Middle Dutch have many identical words, the separation between the two</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> languages was not as clear at the time as it is now, and the British</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Isles had trading links with both Dutch/Flemish and Hanseatic traders
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> and artisans. This means that some loanwords in English could be from</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> either Dutch or Low Saxon origin. "shore" (suspected < _schore_'?',</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> cf. Modern Low Saxon _Schaar(t)_ ~ _Schor(t)_ 'coast', 'coastal</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> land','cliff', 'bluff').
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Thanks very much Lowlanders,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Ted Shore</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> In Zeelandic and Flemish, schor is an intertidal area that only some
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">times a month is flooded (around full and dark moon).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Slik, another intertidal area is flooded every day and is situated</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">between lowtide and hightide.(In the north slikken are wadden)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
It is interesting that schorre and slikke also are used in French.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
In the dutch provinces Noord Brabant and Zuid Holland schor is named:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">gors. In the north of Netherland the same area has the name kwelder.
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">An inlet in these intertidal area's is here in Zeeland called a kreek /
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">kreke (E:creek). In the north it's a priel.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Jakob(Jaap)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">--<br>Jaap Liek <<a href="mailto:ir.j.liek@gmail.com">ir.j.liek@gmail.com</a>
></font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: Etymology</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ah,
Wim! You may have nailed it. Ever since Elsie asked her question about
Afrikaans skor I've been twisting and wring my little brain and was
still mystified.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">If your hypothesis is correct, then this is a
cognate of the following, all with the meaning 'to scour', 'to rub hard
in order to clean or shine':</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Modern Low Saxon: </span>
<i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">schuyrn</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (schüürn, </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">schüern</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
) </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Middle Saxon: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">schûren</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Modern Dutch: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">schuren</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
schuieren</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Middle Dutch: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">schûren</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Modern German: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">scheuern </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (< MS?)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Modern English:</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">to scour (< MD/MS?)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Middle English: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">scoure</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">scowre</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
, </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">skoure</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Danish:</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> skure</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (< MS?)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Middle Swedish: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">skura</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (< MS?)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
The people of the </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Oxford English Dictionary</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> suspect that Middle Dutch and/or Middle Saxon developed </span>
<i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">schûren </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">from Old French </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">escurer</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
(> Modern French </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">écurer</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">), probably from Vulgar Latin </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
excurare</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (> Medieval </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">escurare, scurare</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">), based on
</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">cura</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'care' which in Medieval Latin also came to mean 'to clean'.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I would have made the leap if the word had been *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">skuur
</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">or *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">skuir </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">in Afrikaans.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Jaap, in Low Saxon of Germany, </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">slik</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
(</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Slick</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">) means 'mud', 'silt', 'slime', also 'mudflat'; same for German
</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Schlick</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (< Low Saxon?, for otherwise I'd expect *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Schlich</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">). These are related to English "slick" and "sleek".</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">