<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 12 November 2007 - Volume 01
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Song Contest: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/contest/">lowlands-l.net/contest/</a> (- 31 Dec. 2007)</span>
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">
Mike Morgan</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:mwmosaka@gmail.com">mwmosaka@gmail.com</a>></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Morphology" 2007.11.11 (06) [E]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
R/R wrote:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Of course, it brings to mind -s in Latvian men's names (e.g., Filips,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Fritsis, Gabriels, Jazeps, Juris, Kristaps, Ludvigs, Mihails, Mikelis,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Pavils, Rihards, Toms, Vilhelms, Vilis). However, this is the equivalent of</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Lithuanian -as, -is and -us (Ąžuolas, Juozapas, Virtautas, Jurgis, Herkus)
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> which appears to be related to (though not derived from) Greek -os and Latin</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> -us. I hardly think this could develop into a suffix that expresses</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> affection.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Yes, Latvian -s and Lithuanian -(V)s are simple the reflexes of the
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Indo-European masculine singular nominative case ending. Both</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">langauges have a separate vocative ending (though NOT in the plural,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
nor in the 2nd declension -- the most common feminine type). BUT in</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">modern converstaional usage the nominative is often found in place of
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">the vocative (OR, like Slavic Russian which long ago lost its vocative</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">case, in Latvian anyway, a NEW vocative, equal to the stem without ANY</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
ending, is found.)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Whether there has been enough Baltic language influence on (American)
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">English for this to be a plausible "source" of the English</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">affectionate diminutives or not is a real question though.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">On a more speculative level, I would propose that we perhaps have here</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
a PLURAL, though this goes AGAINST what we usually see of the plural</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">being coopted into expressing a POLITE singular (tu vs vous, thou vs
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">you, ты vs Вы, etc). Perhaps the truncated stem (Bab < Barbara) was</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">seen as TOO familiar and so a POLITE plural ending was addedd (Bab+s ></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Babs)? PURE specualtion on my part (and the only real-language</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">analogous example I have of a plural being used as an affectionate
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">dimiutive is RUSSIAN, where ALL male diminutives have a feminine</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ending (viz my name below) ... which was in (proto)-Indo-European the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
collective plural ending.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">--</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">MWM || マイク || Мика || माईक</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
================</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Dr Michael W Morgan</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Managing Director</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ishara Foundation</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Mumbai (Bombay), India</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
++++++++++++++++</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">माईकल मोर्गन (पी.एच.डी.)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">मेनेजिंग डॉयरेक्टर</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ईशारा फॉउंडेशन (मुंबई )</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">++++++++++++++++</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">茂流岸マイク(言語学博士)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">イシャラ基金の専務理事・事務局長</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ムンバイ(ボンベイ)、インド</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">
<span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);"><a href="mailto:karlrein@aol.com">karlrein@aol.com</a></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Morphology" 2007.11.11 (06) [E</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">It occurs to me that Pops -- one's father, or addressing an older man
-- was common in New York City at least sixty years ago. So I have
always associated '</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" title="Click here to replace with:
Phoebes', Phones', Phoebe's, Hobs', Hoes', Hobbs', Phloxes'" href="?ui=2&view=bsp&ver=ymdfwq781tpu#116345af67ec7a72_">Phoebs'</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
in Friends as a New York phenomenon, despite </span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" title="Click here to replace with:
Babes, Barbs, Blabs, Bas, BBS, Bobs, Nabs" href="?ui=2&view=bsp&ver=ymdfwq781tpu#116345af67ec7a72_">Babs</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> and the like. But reading your discussion, it suddenly dawned on me that there was Moms
</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" title="Click here to replace with:
Marble, Able, Ably, Amble, Male, Malay, Malaya" href="?ui=2&view=bsp&ver=ymdfwq781tpu#116345af67ec7a72_">Mabley</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, who
died years ago, already elderly. For the younger readers, may I
explain that she was a lovable nightclub entertainer known for her foul
language. </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Karl </span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#990000">[Reinhardt]</font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: R. <a title="Click here to replace with:
FA, FL, FM, Fe, Ft, bf, fa" href="?ui=2&view=bsp&ver=ymdfwq781tpu#116345af67ec7a72_">F</a>. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></font></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: Morphology</font></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
</font></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
</font></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">[snip]</font></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
</font></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
The other day I caught myself addressing my friend Jake as "<a title="Click here to replace with:
Jake's, Jake, Jokes, Jackets, Hakes, Jukes, Makes" href="?ui=2&view=bsp&ver=ymdfwq781tpu#116345af67ec7a72_">Jakes</a>."
It was quite spontaneous, not at all planned. I believe it was an
expression of what I would call "casual affection." There was no
noticeable reaction on Jake's part, so I assume it was at least
acceptable to him (unless he was being overly generous). </font></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
</font></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
...</font></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a title="Click here to replace with:
Reinhardt, Rein hard, Richard, Reinhold, Reginald, Regina, Richards" href="?ui=2&view=bsp&ver=ymdfwq781tpu#116345af67ec7a72_">Reinhard</a>/Ron</font></font><br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Diederik Masure</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:didimasure@hotmail.com">
didimasure@hotmail.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Morphology" 2007.11.11 (07) [E]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">
<br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
diederik has a long i, but in didi it's short (thus dids)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">don't confuse it with the cartoon figure Deedee;) (dexter's lab)
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">Theo Homan</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:theohoman@yahoo.com">theohoman@yahoo.com
</a>></span><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Morphology" 2007.11.11 (07) [E]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> From: R. F. Hahn <</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Subject: Morphology</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
[...]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d">> In Middle Saxon and North Frisian<br>> it does not necessarily express the feminine;
e.g.<br>> MS<br>> *bedrygster*'deceiver', NF<br>> *grewster* 'grave-digger', *wäwster *'weaver'.]<br></div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">[...]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Ron,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Traces of '...ster' not necessarily expressing the
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">feminine are still to be found in the North of the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Netherlands.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">E.g. a 'Damster' is someone of Appingedam; but someone
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">from elsewhere in the Netherlands will think it is</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">about a woman of Appingedam.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://vr.gr/" target="_blank">
vr.gr</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">Theo Homan</font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(200, 137, 0);">wim</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:wkv@home.nl">wkv@home.nl</a>>
</span><span class="lDACoc"></span><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Morphology" 2007.11.11 (07) [E]<br></span><p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font color="navy" size="2">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;" lang="EN-GB">From wim verdoold </span></font><font color="navy" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;"><a href="mailto:wkv@home.nl" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">
wkv@home.nl</span></a></span></font><font color="navy" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;"> <span lang="EN-GB">zwolle</span><span lang="EN-GB"> city netherrlands</span></span></font></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font color="navy" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;" lang="EN-GB">Hi, about an s ending in
names</span></font></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font color="navy" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;" lang="EN-GB">Looking at my own name (willem)</span></font></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font color="navy" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;" lang="EN-GB"> In Germanic times it
was written willhelmuZ in west Germanic and willhelmuR in north Germanic, the
name HelmR and HelmZ also existed, here in the east of the Nethrlands there
are still first names like Helms and Mans , the s in names like that could come
from the old germaic Z ending in Helms ( Helmus) it does.</span></font></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font color="navy" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;" lang="EN-GB">Hope this added something
to the subject.</span></font></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font color="navy" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;" lang="EN-GB">Wim <font color="#990000">[Verdoold]</font></span></font><br>
<br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: Ingmar Roerdinkholder <<a href="mailto:ingmar.roerdinkholder@WORLDONLINE.NL">ingmar.roerdinkholder@WORLDONLINE.NL</a>><span class="HcCDpe"><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><span class="HcCDpe"><span class="lDACoc">
</span></span><span class="HcCDpe"><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><br>
Subject: LL-L "Morphology" 2007.11.11 (06) [E]</p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Rein schreef:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">As we all know, English has two frequently used suffixes *-s* (/-z/):</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> 1. Plural marker: e.g., The Walton*s* have two son*s* and three</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> daughter*s*.
</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> 2. Genitive marker: e.g., The Walton*s'* (/-z-z/) children*'**s *names</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
are somewhat odd, owing to Mr. Walton*'s *obsession with Shakespear*'s</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> *plays.</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">However, there appears to be a third, albeit lesser-used one.</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">The other day I caught myself addressing my friend Jake as "Jakes." It was
</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">quite spontaneous, not at all planned. I believe it was an expression of</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
what I would call "casual affection." There was no noticeable reaction on</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Jake's part, so I assume it was at least acceptable to him (unless he was
</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">being overly generous).</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">This made me think about *-s* (/-z/) as ... let's say a "marker of
</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">endearment."</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
I don't know much about English or American, but a kind of affectional S</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">is used in Dutch, too.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">E.g. my wife Barbara is called "Babs" as well. Mamma and Pappa are</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">also "Mams" and "Paps".</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">And I once mentioned here before the Brabantish S with proper names etc.:
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ik gao naor Omas < Oma = I go to grantma</span>
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">da is veur Wilmas < Wilma = that is for Wilma</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
die komt van Tonnies< Tonnie = he/she 's coming from Tonnie</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Groeten</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ingmars</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>Subject: Morphology
<br><br>Thanks a lot, guys.<br><br>This is getting interesting. One of them golden Lowlands moments? (As though not every moment on LL-L is a golden moment, huh?)<br><br>OK. I'm beginning to wonder if this is an piece of Dutch heritage in American English.
<br><br>Ingmar, you gave three examples<br><br></span></font></font><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ik gao naor Omas < Oma = I go to grantma
</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
da is veur Wilmas < Wilma = that is for Wilma</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
die komt van Tonnies< Tonnie = he/she 's coming from Tonnie</span><br></div><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<br>If it weren't for the second one (provided that it really means "for Wilma" rather than "for Wilma's place/family"), this <i>-s</i> could have been seen as a genitive marker, as in English:
<br><br></span></font></font><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">I'm going to Grandma's. (= Grandma's place)</span></font></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">He/she's coming from Tony's. (= Tony's place)</span></font></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></font></font></div><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<br>Kumpelmenten,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br></span></font></font>