<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 22 November 2007 - Volume 04
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Song Contest: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/contest/">lowlands-l.net/contest/</a> (- 31 Dec. 2007)</span>
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br>From: R. F. Hahn <</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: Language politics<br><br>Folks,<br><br>Those of you that can't follow messages in Low Saxon and German but once in a while get to see a snippet about it in English must be wondering what this thread is about.
<br><br>It began with a report (by Heiko, I believe) about the a program of creating bilingual place name signs in the district of Stormarn in Germany's state of Schleswig-Holstein. Jonny characterized this program as frivolous and financially extravagant and argued that a few of the German and Low Saxon names are very similar to each other, making this a silly exercise. Heiko, on the other hand, reminded us that this is a regional program and that picking out one or two seemingly "weak" examples to discredit it is not fair, and he also pointed out that the estimated costs have been blown out of all proportion and thrown out there as a red herring together with scaremongering about evil language engineering intents by those that oppose the effort. He further explained that a lot of research had gone into determining the respective names in the local Low Saxon dialects. It is also clear from this that this program has nothing to do with language planning, which makes references to anything like "Standard Low Saxon" agendas quite irrelevant.
<br><br>The apparently "weakest" case that opponents to the program hung their hats on was that of a place called "Lüttjensee" (["lYtj@nze:]) in German and "Lüttensee" (["lYtnzEI]) in the local Low Saxon dialect. The idea seems to have been that "Lüttjensee"
<u>is</u> Low Saxon and is better or more original than "Lüttensee". Marcus explained that "Lüttjensee" is <u>not</u> today's Low Saxon name but "Lüttensee" is, that "Lüttjensee" is in fact today's
<u>German</u> name for the place. This was followed by objections saying that <i>lüttje </i>is indeed Low Saxon, can be found in various dialects throughout Northern Germany, and a couple of those that wrote these objections said they preferred it. Getting the feeling that Marcus' argument had not been understood for conceptual reasons, I sided with Marcus' argument and explained the concept that by importing a name or word a language makes it its own. In other words, "Lüttjensee," even though of older Low Saxon origin, is in fact a ("High") German name, while the Low Saxon name changed and nowadays is "Lüttensee." In yet other words, the fact that the German name is of Low Saxon origin does not change the fact that it is a German name, and the respective names in the respective languages are free to take on lives of their own (which happened in the case of Low Saxon). Furthermore, I argued that people preferring "Lüttjensee" does not make it Low Saxon
<u>now</u>.<br><br>Let's take a couple of other examples for those that are still conceptually challenged. <br><br>"Toronto" is an English name. Yes, it was derived from Mohawk <i>Ateronto </i>("place with fish weirs"). So the name "Toronto" is an English name of Mohawk origin. Is it a Mohawk name? No! It is an
<u>English</u> name.<br><br>"Milan" is an English name for a city in Italy. It goes back to Latin <i>Mediolanum</i>. The Italian version is <i>Milano</i>. English is likely to have imported the name from French
<i>Milan</i> ([mi"lA~]), directly or indirectly (cf. Western Lombard <i>Milan </i>[mi"lan]). So, when you say "Milan" while speaking English, are you in fact using a French or Lombard name? No! You are using an
<u>English</u> name. The fact that it is of French and/or Lombard origin does not change this. Theoretically, over time the name could have changed in all of the languages involved.In many cases this does happen, and this shows you that the versions in the different language varieties are independent from each other.
<br><br>To summarize the universally accepted concept underlying Marcus' and my argument:<br></span><ul style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><li>A word or name imported from language A to language B, though within a historical context a loanword, becomes a word or name in its own right in language B. The average speaker does not care what its origin is. ("Nativization")
</li><li>After adoption in language B, the word or name may take on a life of its own, and the original word or name in language A (the donor language) may also develop independently. In other words, we have two languages and two words or names, even though the latter are of the same origin.
<br></li><li>The recipient language (here language B) may be more conservative and retain the word or name as it was at the time of importation, and the donor language (here language A) may be less conservative and change the corresponding word or name. Is one "better" or "more correct" than the other, for instance because it is "more original" or "more unique" (
<i>sic.</i>)? No! Such information is only relevant in diachronic, etymological contexts. In a synchronic context (i.e., how the different language varieties are <u>at this point in time or at another specific point in time
</u>) this is totally irrelevant; we are dealing with separate words or names in separate language varieties. Equally irrelevant are personal likes and dislikes.<br></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
It is very common for people that don't understand these concepts to mix up historical and contemporary (or diachronic and synchronic) aspects in their arguments, and the end result is that people talk past each other.
<br><br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br><em><br><br></em></span><em style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></em><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span>